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cast/
lib.rs

1//! Cast is a Swiss Army knife for interacting with Ethereum applications from the command line.
2
3#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
4#![cfg_attr(not(test), warn(unused_crate_dependencies))]
5
6use alloy_consensus::{Header, TxEnvelope};
7use alloy_dyn_abi::{DynSolType, DynSolValue, FunctionExt};
8use alloy_ens::NameOrAddress;
9use alloy_json_abi::Function;
10use alloy_network::{AnyNetwork, AnyRpcTransaction};
11use alloy_primitives::{
12    Address, B256, I256, Keccak256, Selector, TxHash, TxKind, U64, U256, hex,
13    utils::{ParseUnits, Unit, keccak256},
14};
15use alloy_provider::{
16    PendingTransactionBuilder, Provider,
17    network::eip2718::{Decodable2718, Encodable2718},
18};
19use alloy_rlp::Decodable;
20use alloy_rpc_types::{
21    BlockId, BlockNumberOrTag, BlockOverrides, Filter, TransactionRequest, state::StateOverride,
22};
23use alloy_serde::WithOtherFields;
24use alloy_sol_types::sol;
25use base::{Base, NumberWithBase, ToBase};
26use chrono::DateTime;
27use eyre::{Context, ContextCompat, OptionExt, Result};
28use foundry_block_explorers::Client;
29use foundry_common::{
30    TransactionReceiptWithRevertReason,
31    abi::{encode_function_args, get_func},
32    compile::etherscan_project,
33    fmt::*,
34    fs, get_pretty_tx_receipt_attr, shell,
35};
36use foundry_compilers::flatten::Flattener;
37use foundry_config::Chain;
38use foundry_evm_core::ic::decode_instructions;
39use futures::{FutureExt, StreamExt, future::Either};
40use op_alloy_consensus::OpTxEnvelope;
41use rayon::prelude::*;
42use std::{
43    borrow::Cow,
44    fmt::Write,
45    io,
46    path::PathBuf,
47    str::FromStr,
48    sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
49    time::Duration,
50};
51use tokio::signal::ctrl_c;
52
53use foundry_common::abi::encode_function_args_packed;
54pub use foundry_evm::*;
55
56pub mod args;
57pub mod cmd;
58pub mod opts;
59
60pub mod base;
61pub mod errors;
62mod rlp_converter;
63pub mod tx;
64
65use rlp_converter::Item;
66
67#[macro_use]
68extern crate tracing;
69
70#[macro_use]
71extern crate foundry_common;
72
73// TODO: CastContract with common contract initializers? Same for CastProviders?
74
75sol! {
76    #[sol(rpc)]
77    interface IERC20 {
78        #[derive(Debug)]
79        function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
80    }
81}
82
83pub struct Cast<P> {
84    provider: P,
85}
86
87impl<P: Provider<AnyNetwork>> Cast<P> {
88    /// Creates a new Cast instance from the provided client
89    ///
90    /// # Example
91    ///
92    /// ```
93    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
94    /// use cast::Cast;
95    ///
96    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
97    /// let provider =
98    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
99    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
100    /// # Ok(())
101    /// # }
102    /// ```
103    pub fn new(provider: P) -> Self {
104        Self { provider }
105    }
106
107    /// Makes a read-only call to the specified address
108    ///
109    /// # Example
110    ///
111    /// ```
112    /// use alloy_primitives::{Address, U256, Bytes};
113    /// use alloy_rpc_types::{TransactionRequest, BlockOverrides, state::{StateOverride, AccountOverride}};
114    /// use alloy_serde::WithOtherFields;
115    /// use cast::Cast;
116    /// use alloy_provider::{RootProvider, ProviderBuilder, network::AnyNetwork};
117    /// use std::{str::FromStr, collections::HashMap};
118    /// use alloy_rpc_types::state::StateOverridesBuilder;
119    /// use alloy_sol_types::{sol, SolCall};
120    ///
121    /// sol!(
122    ///     function greeting(uint256 i) public returns (string);
123    /// );
124    ///
125    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
126    /// let alloy_provider = ProviderBuilder::<_,_, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;;
127    /// let to = Address::from_str("0xB3C95ff08316fb2F2e3E52Ee82F8e7b605Aa1304")?;
128    /// let greeting = greetingCall { i: U256::from(5) }.abi_encode();
129    /// let bytes = Bytes::from_iter(greeting.iter());
130    /// let tx = TransactionRequest::default().to(to).input(bytes.into());
131    /// let tx = WithOtherFields::new(tx);
132    ///
133    /// // Create state overrides
134    /// let mut state_override = StateOverride::default();
135    /// let mut account_override = AccountOverride::default();
136    /// account_override.balance = Some(U256::from(1000));
137    /// state_override.insert(to, account_override);
138    /// let state_override_object = StateOverridesBuilder::default().build();
139    /// let block_override_object = BlockOverrides::default();
140    ///
141    /// let cast = Cast::new(alloy_provider);
142    /// let data = cast.call(&tx, None, None, Some(state_override_object), Some(block_override_object)).await?;
143    /// println!("{}", data);
144    /// # Ok(())
145    /// # }
146    /// ```
147    pub async fn call(
148        &self,
149        req: &WithOtherFields<TransactionRequest>,
150        func: Option<&Function>,
151        block: Option<BlockId>,
152        state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
153        block_override: Option<BlockOverrides>,
154    ) -> Result<String> {
155        let mut call = self
156            .provider
157            .call(req.clone())
158            .block(block.unwrap_or_default())
159            .with_block_overrides_opt(block_override);
160        if let Some(state_override) = state_override {
161            call = call.overrides(state_override)
162        }
163
164        let res = call.await?;
165        let mut decoded = vec![];
166
167        if let Some(func) = func {
168            // decode args into tokens
169            decoded = match func.abi_decode_output(res.as_ref()) {
170                Ok(decoded) => decoded,
171                Err(err) => {
172                    // ensure the address is a contract
173                    if res.is_empty() {
174                        // check that the recipient is a contract that can be called
175                        if let Some(TxKind::Call(addr)) = req.to {
176                            if let Ok(code) = self
177                                .provider
178                                .get_code_at(addr)
179                                .block_id(block.unwrap_or_default())
180                                .await
181                                && code.is_empty()
182                            {
183                                eyre::bail!("contract {addr:?} does not have any code")
184                            }
185                        } else if Some(TxKind::Create) == req.to {
186                            eyre::bail!("tx req is a contract deployment");
187                        } else {
188                            eyre::bail!("recipient is None");
189                        }
190                    }
191                    return Err(err).wrap_err(
192                        "could not decode output; did you specify the wrong function return data type?"
193                    );
194                }
195            };
196        }
197
198        // handle case when return type is not specified
199        Ok(if decoded.is_empty() {
200            res.to_string()
201        } else if shell::is_json() {
202            let tokens = decoded.iter().map(format_token_raw).collect::<Vec<_>>();
203            serde_json::to_string_pretty(&tokens).unwrap()
204        } else {
205            // seth compatible user-friendly return type conversions
206            decoded.iter().map(format_token).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\n")
207        })
208    }
209
210    /// Generates an access list for the specified transaction
211    ///
212    /// # Example
213    ///
214    /// ```
215    /// use cast::{Cast};
216    /// use alloy_primitives::{Address, U256, Bytes};
217    /// use alloy_rpc_types::{TransactionRequest};
218    /// use alloy_serde::WithOtherFields;
219    /// use alloy_provider::{RootProvider, ProviderBuilder, network::AnyNetwork};
220    /// use std::str::FromStr;
221    /// use alloy_sol_types::{sol, SolCall};
222    ///
223    /// sol!(
224    ///     function greeting(uint256 i) public returns (string);
225    /// );
226    ///
227    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
228    /// let provider = ProviderBuilder::<_,_, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;;
229    /// let to = Address::from_str("0xB3C95ff08316fb2F2e3E52Ee82F8e7b605Aa1304")?;
230    /// let greeting = greetingCall { i: U256::from(5) }.abi_encode();
231    /// let bytes = Bytes::from_iter(greeting.iter());
232    /// let tx = TransactionRequest::default().to(to).input(bytes.into());
233    /// let tx = WithOtherFields::new(tx);
234    /// let cast = Cast::new(&provider);
235    /// let access_list = cast.access_list(&tx, None).await?;
236    /// println!("{}", access_list);
237    /// # Ok(())
238    /// # }
239    /// ```
240    pub async fn access_list(
241        &self,
242        req: &WithOtherFields<TransactionRequest>,
243        block: Option<BlockId>,
244    ) -> Result<String> {
245        let access_list =
246            self.provider.create_access_list(req).block_id(block.unwrap_or_default()).await?;
247        let res = if shell::is_json() {
248            serde_json::to_string(&access_list)?
249        } else {
250            let mut s =
251                vec![format!("gas used: {}", access_list.gas_used), "access list:".to_string()];
252            for al in access_list.access_list.0 {
253                s.push(format!("- address: {}", &al.address.to_checksum(None)));
254                if !al.storage_keys.is_empty() {
255                    s.push("  keys:".to_string());
256                    for key in al.storage_keys {
257                        s.push(format!("    {key:?}"));
258                    }
259                }
260            }
261            s.join("\n")
262        };
263
264        Ok(res)
265    }
266
267    pub async fn balance(&self, who: Address, block: Option<BlockId>) -> Result<U256> {
268        Ok(self.provider.get_balance(who).block_id(block.unwrap_or_default()).await?)
269    }
270
271    /// Sends a transaction to the specified address
272    ///
273    /// # Example
274    ///
275    /// ```
276    /// use cast::{Cast};
277    /// use alloy_primitives::{Address, U256, Bytes};
278    /// use alloy_serde::WithOtherFields;
279    /// use alloy_rpc_types::{TransactionRequest};
280    /// use alloy_provider::{RootProvider, ProviderBuilder, network::AnyNetwork};
281    /// use std::str::FromStr;
282    /// use alloy_sol_types::{sol, SolCall};
283    ///
284    /// sol!(
285    ///     function greet(string greeting) public;
286    /// );
287    ///
288    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
289    /// let provider = ProviderBuilder::<_,_, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;;
290    /// let from = Address::from_str("0xd8dA6BF26964aF9D7eEd9e03E53415D37aA96045")?;
291    /// let to = Address::from_str("0xB3C95ff08316fb2F2e3E52Ee82F8e7b605Aa1304")?;
292    /// let greeting = greetCall { greeting: "hello".to_string() }.abi_encode();
293    /// let bytes = Bytes::from_iter(greeting.iter());
294    /// let gas = U256::from_str("200000").unwrap();
295    /// let value = U256::from_str("1").unwrap();
296    /// let nonce = U256::from_str("1").unwrap();
297    /// let tx = TransactionRequest::default().to(to).input(bytes.into()).from(from);
298    /// let tx = WithOtherFields::new(tx);
299    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
300    /// let data = cast.send(tx).await?;
301    /// println!("{:#?}", data);
302    /// # Ok(())
303    /// # }
304    /// ```
305    pub async fn send(
306        &self,
307        tx: WithOtherFields<TransactionRequest>,
308    ) -> Result<PendingTransactionBuilder<AnyNetwork>> {
309        let res = self.provider.send_transaction(tx).await?;
310
311        Ok(res)
312    }
313
314    /// Publishes a raw transaction to the network
315    ///
316    /// # Example
317    ///
318    /// ```
319    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
320    /// use cast::Cast;
321    ///
322    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
323    /// let provider =
324    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
325    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
326    /// let res = cast.publish("0x1234".to_string()).await?;
327    /// println!("{:?}", res);
328    /// # Ok(())
329    /// # }
330    /// ```
331    pub async fn publish(
332        &self,
333        mut raw_tx: String,
334    ) -> Result<PendingTransactionBuilder<AnyNetwork>> {
335        raw_tx = match raw_tx.strip_prefix("0x") {
336            Some(s) => s.to_string(),
337            None => raw_tx,
338        };
339        let tx = hex::decode(raw_tx)?;
340        let res = self.provider.send_raw_transaction(&tx).await?;
341
342        Ok(res)
343    }
344
345    /// # Example
346    ///
347    /// ```
348    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
349    /// use cast::Cast;
350    ///
351    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
352    /// let provider =
353    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
354    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
355    /// let block = cast.block(5, true, None, false).await?;
356    /// println!("{}", block);
357    /// # Ok(())
358    /// # }
359    /// ```
360    pub async fn block<B: Into<BlockId>>(
361        &self,
362        block: B,
363        full: bool,
364        field: Option<String>,
365        raw: bool,
366    ) -> Result<String> {
367        let block = block.into();
368        if let Some(ref field) = field
369            && field == "transactions"
370            && !full
371        {
372            eyre::bail!("use --full to view transactions")
373        }
374
375        let block = self
376            .provider
377            .get_block(block)
378            .kind(full.into())
379            .await?
380            .ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("block {:?} not found", block))?;
381
382        Ok(if raw {
383            let header: Header = block.into_inner().header.inner.try_into_header()?;
384            format!("0x{}", hex::encode(alloy_rlp::encode(&header)))
385        } else if let Some(ref field) = field {
386            get_pretty_block_attr(&block, field)
387                .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{field} is not a valid block field"))
388        } else if shell::is_json() {
389            serde_json::to_value(&block).unwrap().to_string()
390        } else {
391            block.pretty()
392        })
393    }
394
395    async fn block_field_as_num<B: Into<BlockId>>(&self, block: B, field: String) -> Result<U256> {
396        Self::block(
397            self,
398            block.into(),
399            false,
400            // Select only select field
401            Some(field),
402            false,
403        )
404        .await?
405        .parse()
406        .map_err(Into::into)
407    }
408
409    pub async fn base_fee<B: Into<BlockId>>(&self, block: B) -> Result<U256> {
410        Self::block_field_as_num(self, block, String::from("baseFeePerGas")).await
411    }
412
413    pub async fn age<B: Into<BlockId>>(&self, block: B) -> Result<String> {
414        let timestamp_str =
415            Self::block_field_as_num(self, block, String::from("timestamp")).await?.to_string();
416        let datetime = DateTime::from_timestamp(timestamp_str.parse::<i64>().unwrap(), 0).unwrap();
417        Ok(datetime.format("%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y").to_string())
418    }
419
420    pub async fn timestamp<B: Into<BlockId>>(&self, block: B) -> Result<U256> {
421        Self::block_field_as_num(self, block, "timestamp".to_string()).await
422    }
423
424    pub async fn chain(&self) -> Result<&str> {
425        let genesis_hash = Self::block(
426            self,
427            0,
428            false,
429            // Select only block hash
430            Some(String::from("hash")),
431            false,
432        )
433        .await?;
434
435        Ok(match &genesis_hash[..] {
436            "0x67f9723393ef76214df0118c34bbbd3dbebc8ed46a10973a8c969d48fe7598c9" => {
437                "westend-assethub"
438            }
439            "0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3" => {
440                match &(Self::block(self, 1920000, false, Some("hash".to_string()), false).await?)[..]
441                {
442                    "0x94365e3a8c0b35089c1d1195081fe7489b528a84b22199c916180db8b28ade7f" => {
443                        "etclive"
444                    }
445                    _ => "ethlive",
446                }
447            }
448            "0xa3c565fc15c7478862d50ccd6561e3c06b24cc509bf388941c25ea985ce32cb9" => "kovan",
449            "0x41941023680923e0fe4d74a34bdac8141f2540e3ae90623718e47d66d1ca4a2d" => "ropsten",
450            "0x7ca38a1916c42007829c55e69d3e9a73265554b586a499015373241b8a3fa48b" => {
451                "optimism-mainnet"
452            }
453            "0xc1fc15cd51159b1f1e5cbc4b82e85c1447ddfa33c52cf1d98d14fba0d6354be1" => {
454                "optimism-goerli"
455            }
456            "0x02adc9b449ff5f2467b8c674ece7ff9b21319d76c4ad62a67a70d552655927e5" => {
457                "optimism-kovan"
458            }
459            "0x521982bd54239dc71269eefb58601762cc15cfb2978e0becb46af7962ed6bfaa" => "fraxtal",
460            "0x910f5c4084b63fd860d0c2f9a04615115a5a991254700b39ba072290dbd77489" => {
461                "fraxtal-testnet"
462            }
463            "0x7ee576b35482195fc49205cec9af72ce14f003b9ae69f6ba0faef4514be8b442" => {
464                "arbitrum-mainnet"
465            }
466            "0x0cd786a2425d16f152c658316c423e6ce1181e15c3295826d7c9904cba9ce303" => "morden",
467            "0x6341fd3daf94b748c72ced5a5b26028f2474f5f00d824504e4fa37a75767e177" => "rinkeby",
468            "0xbf7e331f7f7c1dd2e05159666b3bf8bc7a8a3a9eb1d518969eab529dd9b88c1a" => "goerli",
469            "0x14c2283285a88fe5fce9bf5c573ab03d6616695d717b12a127188bcacfc743c4" => "kotti",
470            "0xa9c28ce2141b56c474f1dc504bee9b01eb1bd7d1a507580d5519d4437a97de1b" => "polygon-pos",
471            "0x7202b2b53c5a0836e773e319d18922cc756dd67432f9a1f65352b61f4406c697" => {
472                "polygon-pos-amoy-testnet"
473            }
474            "0x81005434635456a16f74ff7023fbe0bf423abbc8a8deb093ffff455c0ad3b741" => "polygon-zkevm",
475            "0x676c1a76a6c5855a32bdf7c61977a0d1510088a4eeac1330466453b3d08b60b9" => {
476                "polygon-zkevm-cardona-testnet"
477            }
478            "0x4f1dd23188aab3a76b463e4af801b52b1248ef073c648cbdc4c9333d3da79756" => "gnosis",
479            "0xada44fd8d2ecab8b08f256af07ad3e777f17fb434f8f8e678b312f576212ba9a" => "chiado",
480            "0x6d3c66c5357ec91d5c43af47e234a939b22557cbb552dc45bebbceeed90fbe34" => "bsctest",
481            "0x0d21840abff46b96c84b2ac9e10e4f5cdaeb5693cb665db62a2f3b02d2d57b5b" => "bsc",
482            "0x31ced5b9beb7f8782b014660da0cb18cc409f121f408186886e1ca3e8eeca96b" => {
483                match &(Self::block(self, 1, false, Some(String::from("hash")), false).await?)[..] {
484                    "0x738639479dc82d199365626f90caa82f7eafcfe9ed354b456fb3d294597ceb53" => {
485                        "avalanche-fuji"
486                    }
487                    _ => "avalanche",
488                }
489            }
490            "0x23a2658170ba70d014ba0d0d2709f8fbfe2fa660cd868c5f282f991eecbe38ee" => "ink",
491            "0xe5fd5cf0be56af58ad5751b401410d6b7a09d830fa459789746a3d0dd1c79834" => "ink-sepolia",
492            _ => "unknown",
493        })
494    }
495
496    pub async fn chain_id(&self) -> Result<u64> {
497        Ok(self.provider.get_chain_id().await?)
498    }
499
500    pub async fn block_number(&self) -> Result<u64> {
501        Ok(self.provider.get_block_number().await?)
502    }
503
504    pub async fn gas_price(&self) -> Result<u128> {
505        Ok(self.provider.get_gas_price().await?)
506    }
507
508    /// # Example
509    ///
510    /// ```
511    /// use alloy_primitives::Address;
512    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
513    /// use cast::Cast;
514    /// use std::str::FromStr;
515    ///
516    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
517    /// let provider =
518    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
519    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
520    /// let addr = Address::from_str("0x7eD52863829AB99354F3a0503A622e82AcD5F7d3")?;
521    /// let nonce = cast.nonce(addr, None).await?;
522    /// println!("{}", nonce);
523    /// # Ok(())
524    /// # }
525    /// ```
526    pub async fn nonce(&self, who: Address, block: Option<BlockId>) -> Result<u64> {
527        Ok(self.provider.get_transaction_count(who).block_id(block.unwrap_or_default()).await?)
528    }
529
530    /// #Example
531    ///
532    /// ```
533    /// use alloy_primitives::{Address, FixedBytes};
534    /// use alloy_provider::{network::AnyNetwork, ProviderBuilder, RootProvider};
535    /// use cast::Cast;
536    /// use std::str::FromStr;
537    ///
538    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
539    /// let provider =
540    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
541    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
542    /// let addr = Address::from_str("0x7eD52863829AB99354F3a0503A622e82AcD5F7d3")?;
543    /// let slots = vec![FixedBytes::from_str("0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421")?];
544    /// let codehash = cast.codehash(addr, slots, None).await?;
545    /// println!("{}", codehash);
546    /// # Ok(())
547    /// # }
548    pub async fn codehash(
549        &self,
550        who: Address,
551        slots: Vec<B256>,
552        block: Option<BlockId>,
553    ) -> Result<String> {
554        Ok(self
555            .provider
556            .get_proof(who, slots)
557            .block_id(block.unwrap_or_default())
558            .await?
559            .code_hash
560            .to_string())
561    }
562
563    /// #Example
564    ///
565    /// ```
566    /// use alloy_primitives::{Address, FixedBytes};
567    /// use alloy_provider::{network::AnyNetwork, ProviderBuilder, RootProvider};
568    /// use cast::Cast;
569    /// use std::str::FromStr;
570    ///
571    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
572    /// let provider =
573    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
574    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
575    /// let addr = Address::from_str("0x7eD52863829AB99354F3a0503A622e82AcD5F7d3")?;
576    /// let slots = vec![FixedBytes::from_str("0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421")?];
577    /// let storage_root = cast.storage_root(addr, slots, None).await?;
578    /// println!("{}", storage_root);
579    /// # Ok(())
580    /// # }
581    pub async fn storage_root(
582        &self,
583        who: Address,
584        slots: Vec<B256>,
585        block: Option<BlockId>,
586    ) -> Result<String> {
587        Ok(self
588            .provider
589            .get_proof(who, slots)
590            .block_id(block.unwrap_or_default())
591            .await?
592            .storage_hash
593            .to_string())
594    }
595
596    /// # Example
597    ///
598    /// ```
599    /// use alloy_primitives::Address;
600    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
601    /// use cast::Cast;
602    /// use std::str::FromStr;
603    ///
604    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
605    /// let provider =
606    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
607    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
608    /// let addr = Address::from_str("0x7eD52863829AB99354F3a0503A622e82AcD5F7d3")?;
609    /// let implementation = cast.implementation(addr, false, None).await?;
610    /// println!("{}", implementation);
611    /// # Ok(())
612    /// # }
613    /// ```
614    pub async fn implementation(
615        &self,
616        who: Address,
617        is_beacon: bool,
618        block: Option<BlockId>,
619    ) -> Result<String> {
620        let slot = match is_beacon {
621            true => {
622                // Use the beacon slot : bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)
623                B256::from_str(
624                    "0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50",
625                )?
626            }
627            false => {
628                // Use the implementation slot :
629                // bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1)
630                B256::from_str(
631                    "0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc",
632                )?
633            }
634        };
635
636        let value = self
637            .provider
638            .get_storage_at(who, slot.into())
639            .block_id(block.unwrap_or_default())
640            .await?;
641        let addr = Address::from_word(value.into());
642        Ok(format!("{addr:?}"))
643    }
644
645    /// # Example
646    ///
647    /// ```
648    /// use alloy_primitives::Address;
649    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
650    /// use cast::Cast;
651    /// use std::str::FromStr;
652    ///
653    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
654    /// let provider =
655    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
656    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
657    /// let addr = Address::from_str("0x7eD52863829AB99354F3a0503A622e82AcD5F7d3")?;
658    /// let admin = cast.admin(addr, None).await?;
659    /// println!("{}", admin);
660    /// # Ok(())
661    /// # }
662    /// ```
663    pub async fn admin(&self, who: Address, block: Option<BlockId>) -> Result<String> {
664        let slot =
665            B256::from_str("0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103")?;
666        let value = self
667            .provider
668            .get_storage_at(who, slot.into())
669            .block_id(block.unwrap_or_default())
670            .await?;
671        let addr = Address::from_word(value.into());
672        Ok(format!("{addr:?}"))
673    }
674
675    /// # Example
676    ///
677    /// ```
678    /// use alloy_primitives::{Address, U256};
679    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
680    /// use cast::Cast;
681    /// use std::str::FromStr;
682    ///
683    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
684    /// let provider =
685    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
686    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
687    /// let addr = Address::from_str("7eD52863829AB99354F3a0503A622e82AcD5F7d3")?;
688    /// let computed_address = cast.compute_address(addr, None).await?;
689    /// println!("Computed address for address {addr}: {computed_address}");
690    /// # Ok(())
691    /// # }
692    /// ```
693    pub async fn compute_address(&self, address: Address, nonce: Option<u64>) -> Result<Address> {
694        let unpacked = if let Some(n) = nonce { n } else { self.nonce(address, None).await? };
695        Ok(address.create(unpacked))
696    }
697
698    /// # Example
699    ///
700    /// ```
701    /// use alloy_primitives::Address;
702    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
703    /// use cast::Cast;
704    /// use std::str::FromStr;
705    ///
706    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
707    /// let provider =
708    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
709    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
710    /// let addr = Address::from_str("0x00000000219ab540356cbb839cbe05303d7705fa")?;
711    /// let code = cast.code(addr, None, false).await?;
712    /// println!("{}", code);
713    /// # Ok(())
714    /// # }
715    /// ```
716    pub async fn code(
717        &self,
718        who: Address,
719        block: Option<BlockId>,
720        disassemble: bool,
721    ) -> Result<String> {
722        if disassemble {
723            let code =
724                self.provider.get_code_at(who).block_id(block.unwrap_or_default()).await?.to_vec();
725            SimpleCast::disassemble(&code)
726        } else {
727            Ok(format!(
728                "{}",
729                self.provider.get_code_at(who).block_id(block.unwrap_or_default()).await?
730            ))
731        }
732    }
733
734    /// Example
735    ///
736    /// ```
737    /// use alloy_primitives::Address;
738    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
739    /// use cast::Cast;
740    /// use std::str::FromStr;
741    ///
742    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
743    /// let provider =
744    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
745    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
746    /// let addr = Address::from_str("0x00000000219ab540356cbb839cbe05303d7705fa")?;
747    /// let codesize = cast.codesize(addr, None).await?;
748    /// println!("{}", codesize);
749    /// # Ok(())
750    /// # }
751    /// ```
752    pub async fn codesize(&self, who: Address, block: Option<BlockId>) -> Result<String> {
753        let code =
754            self.provider.get_code_at(who).block_id(block.unwrap_or_default()).await?.to_vec();
755        Ok(format!("{}", code.len()))
756    }
757
758    /// # Example
759    ///
760    /// ```
761    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
762    /// use cast::Cast;
763    ///
764    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
765    /// let provider =
766    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
767    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
768    /// let tx_hash = "0xf8d1713ea15a81482958fb7ddf884baee8d3bcc478c5f2f604e008dc788ee4fc";
769    /// let tx = cast.transaction(Some(tx_hash.to_string()), None, None, None, false).await?;
770    /// println!("{}", tx);
771    /// # Ok(())
772    /// # }
773    /// ```
774    pub async fn transaction(
775        &self,
776        tx_hash: Option<String>,
777        from: Option<NameOrAddress>,
778        nonce: Option<u64>,
779        field: Option<String>,
780        raw: bool,
781    ) -> Result<String> {
782        let tx = if let Some(tx_hash) = tx_hash {
783            let tx_hash = TxHash::from_str(&tx_hash).wrap_err("invalid tx hash")?;
784            self.provider
785                .get_transaction_by_hash(tx_hash)
786                .await?
787                .ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("tx not found: {:?}", tx_hash))?
788        } else if let Some(from) = from {
789            // If nonce is not provided, uses 0.
790            let nonce = U64::from(nonce.unwrap_or_default());
791            let from = from.resolve(self.provider.root()).await?;
792
793            self.provider
794                .raw_request::<_, Option<AnyRpcTransaction>>(
795                    "eth_getTransactionBySenderAndNonce".into(),
796                    (from, nonce),
797                )
798                .await?
799                .ok_or_else(|| {
800                    eyre::eyre!("tx not found for sender {from} and nonce {:?}", nonce.to::<u64>())
801                })?
802        } else {
803            eyre::bail!("tx hash or from address is required")
804        };
805
806        Ok(if raw {
807            // also consider opstack deposit transactions
808            let either_tx = tx.try_into_either::<OpTxEnvelope>()?;
809            let encoded = either_tx.encoded_2718();
810            format!("0x{}", hex::encode(encoded))
811        } else if let Some(field) = field {
812            get_pretty_tx_attr(&tx.inner, field.as_str())
813                .ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("invalid tx field: {}", field.to_string()))?
814        } else if shell::is_json() {
815            // to_value first to sort json object keys
816            serde_json::to_value(&tx)?.to_string()
817        } else {
818            tx.pretty()
819        })
820    }
821
822    /// # Example
823    ///
824    /// ```
825    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
826    /// use cast::Cast;
827    ///
828    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
829    /// let provider =
830    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
831    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
832    /// let tx_hash = "0xf8d1713ea15a81482958fb7ddf884baee8d3bcc478c5f2f604e008dc788ee4fc";
833    /// let receipt = cast.receipt(tx_hash.to_string(), None, 1, None, false).await?;
834    /// println!("{}", receipt);
835    /// # Ok(())
836    /// # }
837    /// ```
838    pub async fn receipt(
839        &self,
840        tx_hash: String,
841        field: Option<String>,
842        confs: u64,
843        timeout: Option<u64>,
844        cast_async: bool,
845    ) -> Result<String> {
846        let tx_hash = TxHash::from_str(&tx_hash).wrap_err("invalid tx hash")?;
847
848        let mut receipt: TransactionReceiptWithRevertReason =
849            match self.provider.get_transaction_receipt(tx_hash).await? {
850                Some(r) => r,
851                None => {
852                    // if the async flag is provided, immediately exit if no tx is found, otherwise
853                    // try to poll for it
854                    if cast_async {
855                        eyre::bail!("tx not found: {:?}", tx_hash)
856                    } else {
857                        PendingTransactionBuilder::new(self.provider.root().clone(), tx_hash)
858                            .with_required_confirmations(confs)
859                            .with_timeout(timeout.map(Duration::from_secs))
860                            .get_receipt()
861                            .await?
862                    }
863                }
864            }
865            .into();
866
867        // Allow to fail silently
868        let _ = receipt.update_revert_reason(&self.provider).await;
869
870        Ok(if let Some(ref field) = field {
871            get_pretty_tx_receipt_attr(&receipt, field)
872                .ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("invalid receipt field: {}", field))?
873        } else if shell::is_json() {
874            // to_value first to sort json object keys
875            serde_json::to_value(&receipt)?.to_string()
876        } else {
877            receipt.pretty()
878        })
879    }
880
881    /// Perform a raw JSON-RPC request
882    ///
883    /// # Example
884    ///
885    /// ```
886    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
887    /// use cast::Cast;
888    ///
889    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
890    /// let provider =
891    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
892    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
893    /// let result = cast
894    ///     .rpc("eth_getBalance", &["0xc94770007dda54cF92009BFF0dE90c06F603a09f", "latest"])
895    ///     .await?;
896    /// println!("{}", result);
897    /// # Ok(())
898    /// # }
899    /// ```
900    pub async fn rpc<V>(&self, method: &str, params: V) -> Result<String>
901    where
902        V: alloy_json_rpc::RpcSend,
903    {
904        let res = self
905            .provider
906            .raw_request::<V, serde_json::Value>(Cow::Owned(method.to_string()), params)
907            .await?;
908        Ok(serde_json::to_string(&res)?)
909    }
910
911    /// Returns the slot
912    ///
913    /// # Example
914    ///
915    /// ```
916    /// use alloy_primitives::{Address, B256};
917    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
918    /// use cast::Cast;
919    /// use std::str::FromStr;
920    ///
921    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
922    /// let provider =
923    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
924    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
925    /// let addr = Address::from_str("0x00000000006c3852cbEf3e08E8dF289169EdE581")?;
926    /// let slot = B256::ZERO;
927    /// let storage = cast.storage(addr, slot, None).await?;
928    /// println!("{}", storage);
929    /// # Ok(())
930    /// # }
931    /// ```
932    pub async fn storage(
933        &self,
934        from: Address,
935        slot: B256,
936        block: Option<BlockId>,
937    ) -> Result<String> {
938        Ok(format!(
939            "{:?}",
940            B256::from(
941                self.provider
942                    .get_storage_at(from, slot.into())
943                    .block_id(block.unwrap_or_default())
944                    .await?
945            )
946        ))
947    }
948
949    pub async fn filter_logs(&self, filter: Filter) -> Result<String> {
950        let logs = self.provider.get_logs(&filter).await?;
951
952        let res = if shell::is_json() {
953            serde_json::to_string(&logs)?
954        } else {
955            let mut s = vec![];
956            for log in logs {
957                let pretty = log
958                    .pretty()
959                    .replacen('\n', "- ", 1) // Remove empty first line
960                    .replace('\n', "\n  "); // Indent
961                s.push(pretty);
962            }
963            s.join("\n")
964        };
965        Ok(res)
966    }
967
968    /// Converts a block identifier into a block number.
969    ///
970    /// If the block identifier is a block number, then this function returns the block number. If
971    /// the block identifier is a block hash, then this function returns the block number of
972    /// that block hash. If the block identifier is `None`, then this function returns `None`.
973    ///
974    /// # Example
975    ///
976    /// ```
977    /// use alloy_primitives::fixed_bytes;
978    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
979    /// use alloy_rpc_types::{BlockId, BlockNumberOrTag};
980    /// use cast::Cast;
981    /// use std::{convert::TryFrom, str::FromStr};
982    ///
983    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
984    /// let provider =
985    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("http://localhost:8545").await?;
986    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
987    ///
988    /// let block_number = cast.convert_block_number(Some(BlockId::number(5))).await?;
989    /// assert_eq!(block_number, Some(BlockNumberOrTag::Number(5)));
990    ///
991    /// let block_number = cast
992    ///     .convert_block_number(Some(BlockId::hash(fixed_bytes!(
993    ///         "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001234"
994    ///     ))))
995    ///     .await?;
996    /// assert_eq!(block_number, Some(BlockNumberOrTag::Number(4660)));
997    ///
998    /// let block_number = cast.convert_block_number(None).await?;
999    /// assert_eq!(block_number, None);
1000    /// # Ok(())
1001    /// # }
1002    /// ```
1003    pub async fn convert_block_number(
1004        &self,
1005        block: Option<BlockId>,
1006    ) -> Result<Option<BlockNumberOrTag>, eyre::Error> {
1007        match block {
1008            Some(block) => match block {
1009                BlockId::Number(block_number) => Ok(Some(block_number)),
1010                BlockId::Hash(hash) => {
1011                    let block = self.provider.get_block_by_hash(hash.block_hash).await?;
1012                    Ok(block.map(|block| block.header.number).map(BlockNumberOrTag::from))
1013                }
1014            },
1015            None => Ok(None),
1016        }
1017    }
1018
1019    /// Sets up a subscription to the given filter and writes the logs to the given output.
1020    ///
1021    /// # Example
1022    ///
1023    /// ```
1024    /// use alloy_primitives::Address;
1025    /// use alloy_provider::{ProviderBuilder, RootProvider, network::AnyNetwork};
1026    /// use alloy_rpc_types::Filter;
1027    /// use alloy_transport::BoxTransport;
1028    /// use cast::Cast;
1029    /// use std::{io, str::FromStr};
1030    ///
1031    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
1032    /// let provider =
1033    ///     ProviderBuilder::<_, _, AnyNetwork>::default().connect("wss://localhost:8545").await?;
1034    /// let cast = Cast::new(provider);
1035    ///
1036    /// let filter =
1037    ///     Filter::new().address(Address::from_str("0x00000000006c3852cbEf3e08E8dF289169EdE581")?);
1038    /// let mut output = io::stdout();
1039    /// cast.subscribe(filter, &mut output).await?;
1040    /// # Ok(())
1041    /// # }
1042    /// ```
1043    pub async fn subscribe(&self, filter: Filter, output: &mut dyn io::Write) -> Result<()> {
1044        // Initialize the subscription stream for logs
1045        let mut subscription = self.provider.subscribe_logs(&filter).await?.into_stream();
1046
1047        // Check if a to_block is specified, if so, subscribe to blocks
1048        let mut block_subscription = if filter.get_to_block().is_some() {
1049            Some(self.provider.subscribe_blocks().await?.into_stream())
1050        } else {
1051            None
1052        };
1053
1054        let format_json = shell::is_json();
1055        let to_block_number = filter.get_to_block();
1056
1057        // If output should be JSON, start with an opening bracket
1058        if format_json {
1059            write!(output, "[")?;
1060        }
1061
1062        let mut first = true;
1063
1064        loop {
1065            tokio::select! {
1066                // If block subscription is present, listen to it to avoid blocking indefinitely past the desired to_block
1067                block = if let Some(bs) = &mut block_subscription {
1068                    Either::Left(bs.next().fuse())
1069                } else {
1070                    Either::Right(futures::future::pending())
1071                } => {
1072                    if let (Some(block), Some(to_block)) = (block, to_block_number)
1073                        && block.number  > to_block {
1074                            break;
1075                        }
1076                },
1077                // Process incoming log
1078                log = subscription.next() => {
1079                    if format_json {
1080                        if !first {
1081                            write!(output, ",")?;
1082                        }
1083                        first = false;
1084                        let log_str = serde_json::to_string(&log).unwrap();
1085                        write!(output, "{log_str}")?;
1086                    } else {
1087                        let log_str = log.pretty()
1088                            .replacen('\n', "- ", 1)  // Remove empty first line
1089                            .replace('\n', "\n  ");  // Indent
1090                        writeln!(output, "{log_str}")?;
1091                    }
1092                },
1093                // Break on cancel signal, to allow for closing JSON bracket
1094                _ = ctrl_c() => {
1095                    break;
1096                },
1097                else => break,
1098            }
1099        }
1100
1101        // If output was JSON, end with a closing bracket
1102        if format_json {
1103            write!(output, "]")?;
1104        }
1105
1106        Ok(())
1107    }
1108
1109    pub async fn erc20_balance(
1110        &self,
1111        token: Address,
1112        owner: Address,
1113        block: Option<BlockId>,
1114    ) -> Result<U256> {
1115        Ok(IERC20::new(token, &self.provider)
1116            .balanceOf(owner)
1117            .block(block.unwrap_or_default())
1118            .call()
1119            .await?)
1120    }
1121}
1122
1123pub struct SimpleCast;
1124
1125impl SimpleCast {
1126    /// Returns the maximum value of the given integer type
1127    ///
1128    /// # Example
1129    ///
1130    /// ```
1131    /// use alloy_primitives::{I256, U256};
1132    /// use cast::SimpleCast;
1133    ///
1134    /// assert_eq!(SimpleCast::max_int("uint256")?, U256::MAX.to_string());
1135    /// assert_eq!(SimpleCast::max_int("int256")?, I256::MAX.to_string());
1136    /// assert_eq!(SimpleCast::max_int("int32")?, i32::MAX.to_string());
1137    /// # Ok::<(), eyre::Report>(())
1138    /// ```
1139    pub fn max_int(s: &str) -> Result<String> {
1140        Self::max_min_int::<true>(s)
1141    }
1142
1143    /// Returns the maximum value of the given integer type
1144    ///
1145    /// # Example
1146    ///
1147    /// ```
1148    /// use alloy_primitives::{I256, U256};
1149    /// use cast::SimpleCast;
1150    ///
1151    /// assert_eq!(SimpleCast::min_int("uint256")?, "0");
1152    /// assert_eq!(SimpleCast::min_int("int256")?, I256::MIN.to_string());
1153    /// assert_eq!(SimpleCast::min_int("int32")?, i32::MIN.to_string());
1154    /// # Ok::<(), eyre::Report>(())
1155    /// ```
1156    pub fn min_int(s: &str) -> Result<String> {
1157        Self::max_min_int::<false>(s)
1158    }
1159
1160    fn max_min_int<const MAX: bool>(s: &str) -> Result<String> {
1161        let ty = DynSolType::parse(s).wrap_err("Invalid type, expected `(u)int<bit size>`")?;
1162        match ty {
1163            DynSolType::Int(n) => {
1164                let mask = U256::from(1).wrapping_shl(n - 1);
1165                let max = (U256::MAX & mask).saturating_sub(U256::from(1));
1166                if MAX {
1167                    Ok(max.to_string())
1168                } else {
1169                    let min = I256::from_raw(max).wrapping_neg() + I256::MINUS_ONE;
1170                    Ok(min.to_string())
1171                }
1172            }
1173            DynSolType::Uint(n) => {
1174                if MAX {
1175                    let mut max = U256::MAX;
1176                    if n < 255 {
1177                        max &= U256::from(1).wrapping_shl(n).wrapping_sub(U256::from(1));
1178                    }
1179                    Ok(max.to_string())
1180                } else {
1181                    Ok("0".to_string())
1182                }
1183            }
1184            _ => Err(eyre::eyre!("Type is not int/uint: {s}")),
1185        }
1186    }
1187
1188    /// Converts UTF-8 text input to hex
1189    ///
1190    /// # Example
1191    ///
1192    /// ```
1193    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1194    ///
1195    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_utf8("yo"), "0x796f");
1196    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_utf8("Hello, World!"), "0x48656c6c6f2c20576f726c6421");
1197    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_utf8("TurboDappTools"), "0x547572626f44617070546f6f6c73");
1198    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1199    /// ```
1200    pub fn from_utf8(s: &str) -> String {
1201        hex::encode_prefixed(s)
1202    }
1203
1204    /// Converts hex input to UTF-8 text
1205    ///
1206    /// # Example
1207    ///
1208    /// ```
1209    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1210    ///
1211    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_utf8("0x796f")?, "yo");
1212    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_utf8("0x48656c6c6f2c20576f726c6421")?, "Hello, World!");
1213    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_utf8("0x547572626f44617070546f6f6c73")?, "TurboDappTools");
1214    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_utf8("0xe4bda0e5a5bd")?, "你好");
1215    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1216    /// ```
1217    pub fn to_utf8(s: &str) -> Result<String> {
1218        let bytes = hex::decode(s)?;
1219        Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes.as_ref()).to_string())
1220    }
1221
1222    /// Converts hex data into text data
1223    ///
1224    /// # Example
1225    ///
1226    /// ```
1227    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1228    ///
1229    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_ascii("0x796f")?, "yo");
1230    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_ascii("48656c6c6f2c20576f726c6421")?, "Hello, World!");
1231    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_ascii("0x547572626f44617070546f6f6c73")?, "TurboDappTools");
1232    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1233    /// ```
1234    pub fn to_ascii(hex: &str) -> Result<String> {
1235        let bytes = hex::decode(hex)?;
1236        if !bytes.iter().all(u8::is_ascii) {
1237            return Err(eyre::eyre!("Invalid ASCII bytes"));
1238        }
1239        Ok(String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap())
1240    }
1241
1242    /// Converts fixed point number into specified number of decimals
1243    /// ```
1244    /// use alloy_primitives::U256;
1245    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1246    ///
1247    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_fixed_point("10", "0")?, "10");
1248    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_fixed_point("1.0", "1")?, "10");
1249    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_fixed_point("0.10", "2")?, "10");
1250    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_fixed_point("0.010", "3")?, "10");
1251    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1252    /// ```
1253    pub fn from_fixed_point(value: &str, decimals: &str) -> Result<String> {
1254        let units: Unit = Unit::from_str(decimals)?;
1255        let n = ParseUnits::parse_units(value, units)?;
1256        Ok(n.to_string())
1257    }
1258
1259    /// Converts integers with specified decimals into fixed point numbers
1260    ///
1261    /// # Example
1262    ///
1263    /// ```
1264    /// use alloy_primitives::U256;
1265    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1266    ///
1267    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_fixed_point("10", "0")?, "10.");
1268    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_fixed_point("10", "1")?, "1.0");
1269    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_fixed_point("10", "2")?, "0.10");
1270    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_fixed_point("10", "3")?, "0.010");
1271    ///
1272    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_fixed_point("-10", "0")?, "-10.");
1273    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_fixed_point("-10", "1")?, "-1.0");
1274    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_fixed_point("-10", "2")?, "-0.10");
1275    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_fixed_point("-10", "3")?, "-0.010");
1276    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1277    /// ```
1278    pub fn to_fixed_point(value: &str, decimals: &str) -> Result<String> {
1279        let (sign, mut value, value_len) = {
1280            let number = NumberWithBase::parse_int(value, None)?;
1281            let sign = if number.is_nonnegative() { "" } else { "-" };
1282            let value = format!("{number:#}");
1283            let value_stripped = value.strip_prefix('-').unwrap_or(&value).to_string();
1284            let value_len = value_stripped.len();
1285            (sign, value_stripped, value_len)
1286        };
1287        let decimals = NumberWithBase::parse_uint(decimals, None)?.number().to::<usize>();
1288
1289        let value = if decimals >= value_len {
1290            // Add "0." and pad with 0s
1291            format!("0.{value:0>decimals$}")
1292        } else {
1293            // Insert decimal at -idx (i.e 1 => decimal idx = -1)
1294            value.insert(value_len - decimals, '.');
1295            value
1296        };
1297
1298        Ok(format!("{sign}{value}"))
1299    }
1300
1301    /// Concatencates hex strings
1302    ///
1303    /// # Example
1304    ///
1305    /// ```
1306    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1307    ///
1308    /// assert_eq!(Cast::concat_hex(["0x00", "0x01"]), "0x0001");
1309    /// assert_eq!(Cast::concat_hex(["1", "2"]), "0x12");
1310    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1311    /// ```
1312    pub fn concat_hex<T: AsRef<str>>(values: impl IntoIterator<Item = T>) -> String {
1313        let mut out = String::new();
1314        for s in values {
1315            let s = s.as_ref();
1316            out.push_str(s.strip_prefix("0x").unwrap_or(s))
1317        }
1318        format!("0x{out}")
1319    }
1320
1321    /// Converts a number into uint256 hex string with 0x prefix
1322    ///
1323    /// # Example
1324    ///
1325    /// ```
1326    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1327    ///
1328    /// assert_eq!(
1329    ///     Cast::to_uint256("100")?,
1330    ///     "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000064"
1331    /// );
1332    /// assert_eq!(
1333    ///     Cast::to_uint256("192038293923")?,
1334    ///     "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002cb65fd1a3"
1335    /// );
1336    /// assert_eq!(
1337    ///     Cast::to_uint256(
1338    ///         "115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935"
1339    ///     )?,
1340    ///     "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
1341    /// );
1342    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1343    /// ```
1344    pub fn to_uint256(value: &str) -> Result<String> {
1345        let n = NumberWithBase::parse_uint(value, None)?;
1346        Ok(format!("{n:#066x}"))
1347    }
1348
1349    /// Converts a number into int256 hex string with 0x prefix
1350    ///
1351    /// # Example
1352    ///
1353    /// ```
1354    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1355    ///
1356    /// assert_eq!(
1357    ///     Cast::to_int256("0")?,
1358    ///     "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
1359    /// );
1360    /// assert_eq!(
1361    ///     Cast::to_int256("100")?,
1362    ///     "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000064"
1363    /// );
1364    /// assert_eq!(
1365    ///     Cast::to_int256("-100")?,
1366    ///     "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff9c"
1367    /// );
1368    /// assert_eq!(
1369    ///     Cast::to_int256("192038293923")?,
1370    ///     "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002cb65fd1a3"
1371    /// );
1372    /// assert_eq!(
1373    ///     Cast::to_int256("-192038293923")?,
1374    ///     "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffd349a02e5d"
1375    /// );
1376    /// assert_eq!(
1377    ///     Cast::to_int256(
1378    ///         "57896044618658097711785492504343953926634992332820282019728792003956564819967"
1379    ///     )?,
1380    ///     "0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
1381    /// );
1382    /// assert_eq!(
1383    ///     Cast::to_int256(
1384    ///         "-57896044618658097711785492504343953926634992332820282019728792003956564819968"
1385    ///     )?,
1386    ///     "0x8000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
1387    /// );
1388    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1389    /// ```
1390    pub fn to_int256(value: &str) -> Result<String> {
1391        let n = NumberWithBase::parse_int(value, None)?;
1392        Ok(format!("{n:#066x}"))
1393    }
1394
1395    /// Converts an eth amount into a specified unit
1396    ///
1397    /// # Example
1398    ///
1399    /// ```
1400    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1401    ///
1402    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_unit("1 wei", "wei")?, "1");
1403    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_unit("1", "wei")?, "1");
1404    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_unit("1ether", "wei")?, "1000000000000000000");
1405    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1406    /// ```
1407    pub fn to_unit(value: &str, unit: &str) -> Result<String> {
1408        let value = DynSolType::coerce_str(&DynSolType::Uint(256), value)?
1409            .as_uint()
1410            .wrap_err("Could not convert to uint")?
1411            .0;
1412        let unit = unit.parse().wrap_err("could not parse units")?;
1413        Ok(Self::format_unit_as_string(value, unit))
1414    }
1415
1416    /// Convert a number into a uint with arbitrary decimals.
1417    ///
1418    /// # Example
1419    ///
1420    /// ```
1421    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1422    ///
1423    /// # fn main() -> eyre::Result<()> {
1424    /// assert_eq!(Cast::parse_units("1.0", 6)?, "1000000"); // USDC (6 decimals)
1425    /// assert_eq!(Cast::parse_units("2.5", 6)?, "2500000");
1426    /// assert_eq!(Cast::parse_units("1.0", 12)?, "1000000000000"); // 12 decimals
1427    /// assert_eq!(Cast::parse_units("1.23", 3)?, "1230"); // 3 decimals
1428    ///
1429    /// # Ok(())
1430    /// # }
1431    /// ```
1432    pub fn parse_units(value: &str, unit: u8) -> Result<String> {
1433        let unit = Unit::new(unit).ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("invalid unit"))?;
1434
1435        Ok(ParseUnits::parse_units(value, unit)?.to_string())
1436    }
1437
1438    /// Format a number from smallest unit to decimal with arbitrary decimals.
1439    ///
1440    /// # Example
1441    ///
1442    /// ```
1443    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1444    ///
1445    /// # fn main() -> eyre::Result<()> {
1446    /// assert_eq!(Cast::format_units("1000000", 6)?, "1"); // USDC (6 decimals)
1447    /// assert_eq!(Cast::format_units("2500000", 6)?, "2.500000");
1448    /// assert_eq!(Cast::format_units("1000000000000", 12)?, "1"); // 12 decimals
1449    /// assert_eq!(Cast::format_units("1230", 3)?, "1.230"); // 3 decimals
1450    ///
1451    /// # Ok(())
1452    /// # }
1453    /// ```
1454    pub fn format_units(value: &str, unit: u8) -> Result<String> {
1455        let value = NumberWithBase::parse_int(value, None)?.number();
1456        let unit = Unit::new(unit).ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("invalid unit"))?;
1457        Ok(Self::format_unit_as_string(value, unit))
1458    }
1459
1460    // Helper function to format units as a string
1461    fn format_unit_as_string(value: U256, unit: Unit) -> String {
1462        let mut formatted = ParseUnits::U256(value).format_units(unit);
1463        // Trim empty fractional part.
1464        if let Some(dot) = formatted.find('.') {
1465            let fractional = &formatted[dot + 1..];
1466            if fractional.chars().all(|c: char| c == '0') {
1467                formatted = formatted[..dot].to_string();
1468            }
1469        }
1470        formatted
1471    }
1472
1473    /// Converts wei into an eth amount
1474    ///
1475    /// # Example
1476    ///
1477    /// ```
1478    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1479    ///
1480    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_wei("1", "gwei")?, "0.000000001");
1481    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_wei("12340000005", "gwei")?, "12.340000005");
1482    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_wei("10", "ether")?, "0.000000000000000010");
1483    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_wei("100", "eth")?, "0.000000000000000100");
1484    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_wei("17", "ether")?, "0.000000000000000017");
1485    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1486    /// ```
1487    pub fn from_wei(value: &str, unit: &str) -> Result<String> {
1488        let value = NumberWithBase::parse_int(value, None)?.number();
1489        Ok(ParseUnits::U256(value).format_units(unit.parse()?))
1490    }
1491
1492    /// Converts an eth amount into wei
1493    ///
1494    /// # Example
1495    ///
1496    /// ```
1497    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1498    ///
1499    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_wei("100", "gwei")?, "100000000000");
1500    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_wei("100", "eth")?, "100000000000000000000");
1501    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_wei("1000", "ether")?, "1000000000000000000000");
1502    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1503    /// ```
1504    pub fn to_wei(value: &str, unit: &str) -> Result<String> {
1505        let unit = unit.parse().wrap_err("could not parse units")?;
1506        Ok(ParseUnits::parse_units(value, unit)?.to_string())
1507    }
1508
1509    // Decodes RLP encoded data with validation for canonical integer representation
1510    ///
1511    /// # Examples
1512    /// ```
1513    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1514    ///
1515    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_rlp("0xc0", false).unwrap(), "[]");
1516    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_rlp("0x0f", false).unwrap(), "\"0x0f\"");
1517    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_rlp("0x33", false).unwrap(), "\"0x33\"");
1518    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_rlp("0xc161", false).unwrap(), "[\"0x61\"]");
1519    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_rlp("820002", true).is_err(), true);
1520    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_rlp("820002", false).unwrap(), "\"0x0002\"");
1521    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_rlp("00", true).is_err(), true);
1522    /// assert_eq!(Cast::from_rlp("00", false).unwrap(), "\"0x00\"");
1523    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1524    /// ```
1525    pub fn from_rlp(value: impl AsRef<str>, as_int: bool) -> Result<String> {
1526        let bytes = hex::decode(value.as_ref()).wrap_err("Could not decode hex")?;
1527
1528        if as_int {
1529            return Ok(U256::decode(&mut &bytes[..])?.to_string());
1530        }
1531
1532        let item = Item::decode(&mut &bytes[..]).wrap_err("Could not decode rlp")?;
1533
1534        Ok(item.to_string())
1535    }
1536
1537    /// Encodes hex data or list of hex data to hexadecimal rlp
1538    ///
1539    /// # Example
1540    ///
1541    /// ```
1542    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1543    ///
1544    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_rlp("[]").unwrap(), "0xc0".to_string());
1545    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_rlp("0x22").unwrap(), "0x22".to_string());
1546    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_rlp("[\"0x61\"]",).unwrap(), "0xc161".to_string());
1547    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_rlp("[\"0xf1\", \"f2\"]").unwrap(), "0xc481f181f2".to_string());
1548    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1549    /// ```
1550    pub fn to_rlp(value: &str) -> Result<String> {
1551        let val = serde_json::from_str(value)
1552            .unwrap_or_else(|_| serde_json::Value::String(value.to_string()));
1553        let item = Item::value_to_item(&val)?;
1554        Ok(format!("0x{}", hex::encode(alloy_rlp::encode(item))))
1555    }
1556
1557    /// Converts a number of one base to another
1558    ///
1559    /// # Example
1560    ///
1561    /// ```
1562    /// use alloy_primitives::I256;
1563    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1564    ///
1565    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_base("100", Some("10"), "16")?, "0x64");
1566    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_base("100", Some("10"), "oct")?, "0o144");
1567    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_base("100", Some("10"), "binary")?, "0b1100100");
1568    ///
1569    /// assert_eq!(Cast::to_base("0xffffffffffffffff", None, "10")?, u64::MAX.to_string());
1570    /// assert_eq!(
1571    ///     Cast::to_base("0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", None, "dec")?,
1572    ///     u128::MAX.to_string()
1573    /// );
1574    /// // U256::MAX overflows as internally it is being parsed as I256
1575    /// assert_eq!(
1576    ///     Cast::to_base(
1577    ///         "0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
1578    ///         None,
1579    ///         "decimal"
1580    ///     )?,
1581    ///     I256::MAX.to_string()
1582    /// );
1583    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1584    /// ```
1585    pub fn to_base(value: &str, base_in: Option<&str>, base_out: &str) -> Result<String> {
1586        let base_in = Base::unwrap_or_detect(base_in, value)?;
1587        let base_out: Base = base_out.parse()?;
1588        if base_in == base_out {
1589            return Ok(value.to_string());
1590        }
1591
1592        let mut n = NumberWithBase::parse_int(value, Some(&base_in.to_string()))?;
1593        n.set_base(base_out);
1594
1595        // Use Debug fmt
1596        Ok(format!("{n:#?}"))
1597    }
1598
1599    /// Converts hexdata into bytes32 value
1600    ///
1601    /// # Example
1602    ///
1603    /// ```
1604    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1605    ///
1606    /// let bytes = Cast::to_bytes32("1234")?;
1607    /// assert_eq!(bytes, "0x1234000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000");
1608    ///
1609    /// let bytes = Cast::to_bytes32("0x1234")?;
1610    /// assert_eq!(bytes, "0x1234000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000");
1611    ///
1612    /// let err = Cast::to_bytes32("0x123400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011").unwrap_err();
1613    /// assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "string >32 bytes");
1614    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1615    pub fn to_bytes32(s: &str) -> Result<String> {
1616        let s = strip_0x(s);
1617        if s.len() > 64 {
1618            eyre::bail!("string >32 bytes");
1619        }
1620
1621        let padded = format!("{s:0<64}");
1622        Ok(padded.parse::<B256>()?.to_string())
1623    }
1624
1625    /// Encodes string into bytes32 value
1626    pub fn format_bytes32_string(s: &str) -> Result<String> {
1627        let str_bytes: &[u8] = s.as_bytes();
1628        eyre::ensure!(str_bytes.len() <= 32, "bytes32 strings must not exceed 32 bytes in length");
1629
1630        let mut bytes32: [u8; 32] = [0u8; 32];
1631        bytes32[..str_bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(str_bytes);
1632        Ok(hex::encode_prefixed(bytes32))
1633    }
1634
1635    /// Decodes string from bytes32 value
1636    pub fn parse_bytes32_string(s: &str) -> Result<String> {
1637        let bytes = hex::decode(s)?;
1638        eyre::ensure!(bytes.len() == 32, "expected 32 byte hex-string");
1639        let len = bytes.iter().take_while(|x| **x != 0).count();
1640        Ok(std::str::from_utf8(&bytes[..len])?.into())
1641    }
1642
1643    /// Decodes checksummed address from bytes32 value
1644    pub fn parse_bytes32_address(s: &str) -> Result<String> {
1645        let s = strip_0x(s);
1646        if s.len() != 64 {
1647            eyre::bail!("expected 64 byte hex-string, got {s}");
1648        }
1649
1650        let s = if let Some(stripped) = s.strip_prefix("000000000000000000000000") {
1651            stripped
1652        } else {
1653            return Err(eyre::eyre!("Not convertible to address, there are non-zero bytes"));
1654        };
1655
1656        let lowercase_address_string = format!("0x{s}");
1657        let lowercase_address = Address::from_str(&lowercase_address_string)?;
1658
1659        Ok(lowercase_address.to_checksum(None))
1660    }
1661
1662    /// Decodes abi-encoded hex input or output
1663    ///
1664    /// When `input=true`, `calldata` string MUST not be prefixed with function selector
1665    ///
1666    /// # Example
1667    ///
1668    /// ```
1669    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1670    /// use alloy_primitives::hex;
1671    ///
1672    ///     // Passing `input = false` will decode the data as the output type.
1673    ///     // The input data types and the full function sig are ignored, i.e.
1674    ///     // you could also pass `balanceOf()(uint256)` and it'd still work.
1675    ///     let data = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001";
1676    ///     let sig = "balanceOf(address, uint256)(uint256)";
1677    ///     let decoded = Cast::abi_decode(sig, data, false)?[0].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string();
1678    ///     assert_eq!(decoded, "1");
1679    ///
1680    ///     // Passing `input = true` will decode the data with the input function signature.
1681    ///     // We exclude the "prefixed" function selector from the data field (the first 4 bytes).
1682    ///     let data = "0x0000000000000000000000008dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e000000000000000000000000d9f3c9cc99548bf3b44a43e0a2d07399eb918adc000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
1683    ///     let sig = "safeTransferFrom(address, address, uint256, uint256, bytes)";
1684    ///     let decoded = Cast::abi_decode(sig, data, true)?;
1685    ///     let decoded = [
1686    ///         decoded[0].as_address().unwrap().to_string().to_lowercase(),
1687    ///         decoded[1].as_address().unwrap().to_string().to_lowercase(),
1688    ///         decoded[2].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string(),
1689    ///         decoded[3].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string(),
1690    ///         hex::encode(decoded[4].as_bytes().unwrap())
1691    ///     ]
1692    ///     .into_iter()
1693    ///     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
1694    ///
1695    ///     assert_eq!(
1696    ///         decoded,
1697    ///         vec!["0x8dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e", "0xd9f3c9cc99548bf3b44a43e0a2d07399eb918adc", "42", "1", ""]
1698    ///     );
1699    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1700    /// ```
1701    pub fn abi_decode(sig: &str, calldata: &str, input: bool) -> Result<Vec<DynSolValue>> {
1702        foundry_common::abi::abi_decode_calldata(sig, calldata, input, false)
1703    }
1704
1705    /// Decodes calldata-encoded hex input or output
1706    ///
1707    /// Similar to `abi_decode`, but `calldata` string MUST be prefixed with function selector
1708    ///
1709    /// # Example
1710    ///
1711    /// ```
1712    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1713    /// use alloy_primitives::hex;
1714    ///
1715    /// // Passing `input = false` will decode the data as the output type.
1716    /// // The input data types and the full function sig are ignored, i.e.
1717    /// // you could also pass `balanceOf()(uint256)` and it'd still work.
1718    /// let data = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001";
1719    /// let sig = "balanceOf(address, uint256)(uint256)";
1720    /// let decoded = Cast::calldata_decode(sig, data, false)?[0].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string();
1721    /// assert_eq!(decoded, "1");
1722    ///
1723    ///     // Passing `input = true` will decode the data with the input function signature.
1724    ///     let data = "0xf242432a0000000000000000000000008dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e000000000000000000000000d9f3c9cc99548bf3b44a43e0a2d07399eb918adc000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
1725    ///     let sig = "safeTransferFrom(address, address, uint256, uint256, bytes)";
1726    ///     let decoded = Cast::calldata_decode(sig, data, true)?;
1727    ///     let decoded = [
1728    ///         decoded[0].as_address().unwrap().to_string().to_lowercase(),
1729    ///         decoded[1].as_address().unwrap().to_string().to_lowercase(),
1730    ///         decoded[2].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string(),
1731    ///         decoded[3].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string(),
1732    ///         hex::encode(decoded[4].as_bytes().unwrap()),
1733    ///    ]
1734    ///    .into_iter()
1735    ///    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
1736    ///     assert_eq!(
1737    ///         decoded,
1738    ///         vec!["0x8dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e", "0xd9f3c9cc99548bf3b44a43e0a2d07399eb918adc", "42", "1", ""]
1739    ///     );
1740    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1741    /// ```
1742    pub fn calldata_decode(sig: &str, calldata: &str, input: bool) -> Result<Vec<DynSolValue>> {
1743        foundry_common::abi::abi_decode_calldata(sig, calldata, input, true)
1744    }
1745
1746    /// Performs ABI encoding based off of the function signature. Does not include
1747    /// the function selector in the result.
1748    ///
1749    /// # Example
1750    ///
1751    /// ```
1752    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1753    ///
1754    /// assert_eq!(
1755    ///     "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
1756    ///     Cast::abi_encode("f(uint a)", &["1"]).unwrap().as_str()
1757    /// );
1758    /// assert_eq!(
1759    ///     "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
1760    ///     Cast::abi_encode("constructor(uint a)", &["1"]).unwrap().as_str()
1761    /// );
1762    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1763    /// ```
1764    pub fn abi_encode(sig: &str, args: &[impl AsRef<str>]) -> Result<String> {
1765        let func = get_func(sig)?;
1766        match encode_function_args(&func, args) {
1767            Ok(res) => Ok(hex::encode_prefixed(&res[4..])),
1768            Err(e) => eyre::bail!(
1769                "Could not ABI encode the function and arguments. Did you pass in the right types?\nError\n{}",
1770                e
1771            ),
1772        }
1773    }
1774
1775    /// Performs packed ABI encoding based off of the function signature or tuple.
1776    ///
1777    /// # Examplez
1778    ///
1779    /// ```
1780    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1781    ///
1782    /// assert_eq!(
1783    ///     "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000064000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c00000000000000c8",
1784    ///     Cast::abi_encode_packed("(uint128[] a, uint64 b)", &["[100, 300]", "200"]).unwrap().as_str()
1785    /// );
1786    ///
1787    /// assert_eq!(
1788    ///     "0x8dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e68656c6c6f20776f726c64",
1789    ///     Cast::abi_encode_packed("foo(address a, string b)", &["0x8dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e", "hello world"]).unwrap().as_str()
1790    /// );
1791    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1792    /// ```
1793    pub fn abi_encode_packed(sig: &str, args: &[impl AsRef<str>]) -> Result<String> {
1794        // If the signature is a tuple, we need to prefix it to make it a function
1795        let sig =
1796            if sig.trim_start().starts_with('(') { format!("foo{sig}") } else { sig.to_string() };
1797
1798        let func = get_func(sig.as_str())?;
1799        let encoded = match encode_function_args_packed(&func, args) {
1800            Ok(res) => hex::encode(res),
1801            Err(e) => eyre::bail!(
1802                "Could not ABI encode the function and arguments. Did you pass in the right types?\nError\n{}",
1803                e
1804            ),
1805        };
1806        Ok(format!("0x{encoded}"))
1807    }
1808
1809    /// Performs ABI encoding to produce the hexadecimal calldata with the given arguments.
1810    ///
1811    /// # Example
1812    ///
1813    /// ```
1814    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1815    ///
1816    /// assert_eq!(
1817    ///     "0xb3de648b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
1818    ///     Cast::calldata_encode("f(uint256 a)", &["1"]).unwrap().as_str()
1819    /// );
1820    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1821    /// ```
1822    pub fn calldata_encode(sig: impl AsRef<str>, args: &[impl AsRef<str>]) -> Result<String> {
1823        let func = get_func(sig.as_ref())?;
1824        let calldata = encode_function_args(&func, args)?;
1825        Ok(hex::encode_prefixed(calldata))
1826    }
1827
1828    /// Returns the slot number for a given mapping key and slot.
1829    ///
1830    /// Given `mapping(k => v) m`, for a key `k` the slot number of its associated `v` is
1831    /// `keccak256(concat(h(k), p))`, where `h` is the padding function for `k`'s type, and `p`
1832    /// is slot number of the mapping `m`.
1833    ///
1834    /// See [the Solidity documentation](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/internals/layout_in_storage.html#mappings-and-dynamic-arrays)
1835    /// for more details.
1836    ///
1837    /// # Example
1838    ///
1839    /// ```
1840    /// # use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1841    ///
1842    /// // Value types.
1843    /// assert_eq!(
1844    ///     Cast::index("address", "0xD0074F4E6490ae3f888d1d4f7E3E43326bD3f0f5", "2").unwrap().as_str(),
1845    ///     "0x9525a448a9000053a4d151336329d6563b7e80b24f8e628e95527f218e8ab5fb"
1846    /// );
1847    /// assert_eq!(
1848    ///     Cast::index("uint256", "42", "6").unwrap().as_str(),
1849    ///     "0xfc808b0f31a1e6b9cf25ff6289feae9b51017b392cc8e25620a94a38dcdafcc1"
1850    /// );
1851    ///
1852    /// // Strings and byte arrays.
1853    /// assert_eq!(
1854    ///     Cast::index("string", "hello", "1").unwrap().as_str(),
1855    ///     "0x8404bb4d805e9ca2bd5dd5c43a107e935c8ec393caa7851b353b3192cd5379ae"
1856    /// );
1857    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1858    /// ```
1859    pub fn index(key_type: &str, key: &str, slot_number: &str) -> Result<String> {
1860        let mut hasher = Keccak256::new();
1861
1862        let k_ty = DynSolType::parse(key_type).wrap_err("Could not parse type")?;
1863        let k = k_ty.coerce_str(key).wrap_err("Could not parse value")?;
1864        match k_ty {
1865            // For value types, `h` pads the value to 32 bytes in the same way as when storing the
1866            // value in memory.
1867            DynSolType::Bool
1868            | DynSolType::Int(_)
1869            | DynSolType::Uint(_)
1870            | DynSolType::FixedBytes(_)
1871            | DynSolType::Address
1872            | DynSolType::Function => hasher.update(k.as_word().unwrap()),
1873
1874            // For strings and byte arrays, `h(k)` is just the unpadded data.
1875            DynSolType::String | DynSolType::Bytes => hasher.update(k.as_packed_seq().unwrap()),
1876
1877            DynSolType::Array(..)
1878            | DynSolType::FixedArray(..)
1879            | DynSolType::Tuple(..)
1880            | DynSolType::CustomStruct { .. } => {
1881                eyre::bail!("Type `{k_ty}` is not supported as a mapping key")
1882            }
1883        }
1884
1885        let p = DynSolType::Uint(256)
1886            .coerce_str(slot_number)
1887            .wrap_err("Could not parse slot number")?;
1888        let p = p.as_word().unwrap();
1889        hasher.update(p);
1890
1891        let location = hasher.finalize();
1892        Ok(location.to_string())
1893    }
1894
1895    /// Keccak-256 hashes arbitrary data
1896    ///
1897    /// # Example
1898    ///
1899    /// ```
1900    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1901    ///
1902    /// assert_eq!(
1903    ///     Cast::keccak("foo")?,
1904    ///     "0x41b1a0649752af1b28b3dc29a1556eee781e4a4c3a1f7f53f90fa834de098c4d"
1905    /// );
1906    /// assert_eq!(
1907    ///     Cast::keccak("123abc")?,
1908    ///     "0xb1f1c74a1ba56f07a892ea1110a39349d40f66ca01d245e704621033cb7046a4"
1909    /// );
1910    /// assert_eq!(
1911    ///     Cast::keccak("0x12")?,
1912    ///     "0x5fa2358263196dbbf23d1ca7a509451f7a2f64c15837bfbb81298b1e3e24e4fa"
1913    /// );
1914    /// assert_eq!(
1915    ///     Cast::keccak("12")?,
1916    ///     "0x7f8b6b088b6d74c2852fc86c796dca07b44eed6fb3daf5e6b59f7c364db14528"
1917    /// );
1918    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1919    /// ```
1920    pub fn keccak(data: &str) -> Result<String> {
1921        // Hex-decode if data starts with 0x.
1922        let hash =
1923            if data.starts_with("0x") { keccak256(hex::decode(data)?) } else { keccak256(data) };
1924        Ok(hash.to_string())
1925    }
1926
1927    /// Performs the left shift operation (<<) on a number
1928    ///
1929    /// # Example
1930    ///
1931    /// ```
1932    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1933    ///
1934    /// assert_eq!(Cast::left_shift("16", "10", Some("10"), "hex")?, "0x4000");
1935    /// assert_eq!(Cast::left_shift("255", "16", Some("dec"), "hex")?, "0xff0000");
1936    /// assert_eq!(Cast::left_shift("0xff", "16", None, "hex")?, "0xff0000");
1937    /// # Ok::<_, eyre::Report>(())
1938    /// ```
1939    pub fn left_shift(
1940        value: &str,
1941        bits: &str,
1942        base_in: Option<&str>,
1943        base_out: &str,
1944    ) -> Result<String> {
1945        let base_out: Base = base_out.parse()?;
1946        let value = NumberWithBase::parse_uint(value, base_in)?;
1947        let bits = NumberWithBase::parse_uint(bits, None)?;
1948
1949        let res = value.number() << bits.number();
1950
1951        Ok(res.to_base(base_out, true)?)
1952    }
1953
1954    /// Performs the right shift operation (>>) on a number
1955    ///
1956    /// # Example
1957    ///
1958    /// ```
1959    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1960    ///
1961    /// assert_eq!(Cast::right_shift("0x4000", "10", None, "dec")?, "16");
1962    /// assert_eq!(Cast::right_shift("16711680", "16", Some("10"), "hex")?, "0xff");
1963    /// assert_eq!(Cast::right_shift("0xff0000", "16", None, "hex")?, "0xff");
1964    /// # Ok::<(), eyre::Report>(())
1965    /// ```
1966    pub fn right_shift(
1967        value: &str,
1968        bits: &str,
1969        base_in: Option<&str>,
1970        base_out: &str,
1971    ) -> Result<String> {
1972        let base_out: Base = base_out.parse()?;
1973        let value = NumberWithBase::parse_uint(value, base_in)?;
1974        let bits = NumberWithBase::parse_uint(bits, None)?;
1975
1976        let res = value.number().wrapping_shr(bits.number().saturating_to());
1977
1978        Ok(res.to_base(base_out, true)?)
1979    }
1980
1981    /// Fetches source code of verified contracts from etherscan.
1982    ///
1983    /// # Example
1984    ///
1985    /// ```
1986    /// # use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
1987    /// # use foundry_config::NamedChain;
1988    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
1989    /// assert_eq!(
1990    ///     "/*
1991    ///             - Bytecode Verification performed was compared on second iteration -
1992    ///             This file is part of the DAO.....",
1993    ///     Cast::etherscan_source(
1994    ///         NamedChain::Mainnet.into(),
1995    ///         "0xBB9bc244D798123fDe783fCc1C72d3Bb8C189413".to_string(),
1996    ///         Some("<etherscan_api_key>".to_string()),
1997    ///         None,
1998    ///         None
1999    ///     )
2000    ///     .await
2001    ///     .unwrap()
2002    ///     .as_str()
2003    /// );
2004    /// # Ok(())
2005    /// # }
2006    /// ```
2007    pub async fn etherscan_source(
2008        chain: Chain,
2009        contract_address: String,
2010        etherscan_api_key: Option<String>,
2011        explorer_api_url: Option<String>,
2012        explorer_url: Option<String>,
2013    ) -> Result<String> {
2014        let client = explorer_client(chain, etherscan_api_key, explorer_api_url, explorer_url)?;
2015        let metadata = client.contract_source_code(contract_address.parse()?).await?;
2016        Ok(metadata.source_code())
2017    }
2018
2019    /// Fetches the source code of verified contracts from etherscan and expands the resulting
2020    /// files to a directory for easy perusal.
2021    ///
2022    /// # Example
2023    ///
2024    /// ```
2025    /// # use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
2026    /// # use foundry_config::NamedChain;
2027    /// # use std::path::PathBuf;
2028    /// # async fn expand() -> eyre::Result<()> {
2029    /// Cast::expand_etherscan_source_to_directory(
2030    ///     NamedChain::Mainnet.into(),
2031    ///     "0xBB9bc244D798123fDe783fCc1C72d3Bb8C189413".to_string(),
2032    ///     Some("<etherscan_api_key>".to_string()),
2033    ///     PathBuf::from("output_dir"),
2034    ///     None,
2035    ///     None,
2036    /// )
2037    /// .await?;
2038    /// # Ok(())
2039    /// # }
2040    /// ```
2041    pub async fn expand_etherscan_source_to_directory(
2042        chain: Chain,
2043        contract_address: String,
2044        etherscan_api_key: Option<String>,
2045        output_directory: PathBuf,
2046        explorer_api_url: Option<String>,
2047        explorer_url: Option<String>,
2048    ) -> eyre::Result<()> {
2049        let client = explorer_client(chain, etherscan_api_key, explorer_api_url, explorer_url)?;
2050        let meta = client.contract_source_code(contract_address.parse()?).await?;
2051        let source_tree = meta.source_tree();
2052        source_tree.write_to(&output_directory)?;
2053        Ok(())
2054    }
2055
2056    /// Fetches the source code of verified contracts from etherscan, flattens it and writes it to
2057    /// the given path or stdout.
2058    pub async fn etherscan_source_flatten(
2059        chain: Chain,
2060        contract_address: String,
2061        etherscan_api_key: Option<String>,
2062        output_path: Option<PathBuf>,
2063        explorer_api_url: Option<String>,
2064        explorer_url: Option<String>,
2065    ) -> Result<()> {
2066        let client = explorer_client(chain, etherscan_api_key, explorer_api_url, explorer_url)?;
2067        let metadata = client.contract_source_code(contract_address.parse()?).await?;
2068        let Some(metadata) = metadata.items.first() else {
2069            eyre::bail!("Empty contract source code")
2070        };
2071
2072        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
2073        let project = etherscan_project(metadata, tmp.path())?;
2074        let target_path = project.find_contract_path(&metadata.contract_name)?;
2075
2076        let flattened = Flattener::new(project, &target_path)?.flatten();
2077
2078        if let Some(path) = output_path {
2079            fs::create_dir_all(path.parent().unwrap())?;
2080            fs::write(&path, flattened)?;
2081            sh_println!("Flattened file written at {}", path.display())?
2082        } else {
2083            sh_println!("{flattened}")?
2084        }
2085
2086        Ok(())
2087    }
2088
2089    /// Disassembles hex encoded bytecode into individual / human readable opcodes
2090    ///
2091    /// # Example
2092    ///
2093    /// ```
2094    /// use alloy_primitives::hex;
2095    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
2096    ///
2097    /// # async fn foo() -> eyre::Result<()> {
2098    /// let bytecode = "0x608060405260043610603f57600035";
2099    /// let opcodes = Cast::disassemble(&hex::decode(bytecode)?)?;
2100    /// println!("{}", opcodes);
2101    /// # Ok(())
2102    /// # }
2103    /// ```
2104    pub fn disassemble(code: &[u8]) -> Result<String> {
2105        let mut output = String::new();
2106
2107        for step in decode_instructions(code)? {
2108            write!(output, "{:08x}: ", step.pc)?;
2109
2110            if let Some(op) = step.op {
2111                write!(output, "{op}")?;
2112            } else {
2113                write!(output, "INVALID")?;
2114            }
2115
2116            if !step.immediate.is_empty() {
2117                write!(output, " {}", hex::encode_prefixed(step.immediate))?;
2118            }
2119
2120            writeln!(output)?;
2121        }
2122
2123        Ok(output)
2124    }
2125
2126    /// Gets the selector for a given function signature
2127    /// Optimizes if the `optimize` parameter is set to a number of leading zeroes
2128    ///
2129    /// # Example
2130    ///
2131    /// ```
2132    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
2133    ///
2134    /// assert_eq!(Cast::get_selector("foo(address,uint256)", 0)?.0, String::from("0xbd0d639f"));
2135    /// # Ok::<(), eyre::Error>(())
2136    /// ```
2137    pub fn get_selector(signature: &str, optimize: usize) -> Result<(String, String)> {
2138        if optimize > 4 {
2139            eyre::bail!("number of leading zeroes must not be greater than 4");
2140        }
2141        if optimize == 0 {
2142            let selector = get_func(signature)?.selector();
2143            return Ok((selector.to_string(), String::from(signature)));
2144        }
2145        let Some((name, params)) = signature.split_once('(') else {
2146            eyre::bail!("invalid function signature");
2147        };
2148
2149        let num_threads = std::thread::available_parallelism().map_or(1, |n| n.get());
2150        let found = AtomicBool::new(false);
2151
2152        let result: Option<(u32, String, String)> =
2153            (0..num_threads).into_par_iter().find_map_any(|i| {
2154                let nonce_start = i as u32;
2155                let nonce_step = num_threads as u32;
2156
2157                let mut nonce = nonce_start;
2158                while nonce < u32::MAX && !found.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
2159                    let input = format!("{name}{nonce}({params}");
2160                    let hash = keccak256(input.as_bytes());
2161                    let selector = &hash[..4];
2162
2163                    if selector.iter().take_while(|&&byte| byte == 0).count() == optimize {
2164                        found.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
2165                        return Some((nonce, hex::encode_prefixed(selector), input));
2166                    }
2167
2168                    nonce += nonce_step;
2169                }
2170                None
2171            });
2172
2173        match result {
2174            Some((_nonce, selector, signature)) => Ok((selector, signature)),
2175            None => eyre::bail!("No selector found"),
2176        }
2177    }
2178
2179    /// Extracts function selectors, arguments and state mutability from bytecode
2180    ///
2181    /// # Example
2182    ///
2183    /// ```
2184    /// use alloy_primitives::fixed_bytes;
2185    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
2186    ///
2187    /// let bytecode = "6080604052348015600e575f80fd5b50600436106026575f3560e01c80632125b65b14602a575b5f80fd5b603a6035366004603c565b505050565b005b5f805f60608486031215604d575f80fd5b833563ffffffff81168114605f575f80fd5b925060208401356001600160a01b03811681146079575f80fd5b915060408401356001600160e01b03811681146093575f80fd5b80915050925092509256";
2188    /// let functions = Cast::extract_functions(bytecode)?;
2189    /// assert_eq!(functions, vec![(fixed_bytes!("0x2125b65b"), "uint32,address,uint224".to_string(), "pure")]);
2190    /// # Ok::<(), eyre::Report>(())
2191    /// ```
2192    pub fn extract_functions(bytecode: &str) -> Result<Vec<(Selector, String, &str)>> {
2193        let code = hex::decode(bytecode)?;
2194        let info = evmole::contract_info(
2195            evmole::ContractInfoArgs::new(&code)
2196                .with_selectors()
2197                .with_arguments()
2198                .with_state_mutability(),
2199        );
2200        Ok(info
2201            .functions
2202            .expect("functions extraction was requested")
2203            .into_iter()
2204            .map(|f| {
2205                (
2206                    f.selector.into(),
2207                    f.arguments
2208                        .expect("arguments extraction was requested")
2209                        .into_iter()
2210                        .map(|t| t.sol_type_name().to_string())
2211                        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
2212                        .join(","),
2213                    f.state_mutability
2214                        .expect("state_mutability extraction was requested")
2215                        .as_json_str(),
2216                )
2217            })
2218            .collect())
2219    }
2220
2221    /// Decodes a raw EIP2718 transaction payload
2222    /// Returns details about the typed transaction and ECSDA signature components
2223    ///
2224    /// # Example
2225    ///
2226    /// ```
2227    /// use cast::SimpleCast as Cast;
2228    ///
2229    /// let tx = "0x02f8f582a86a82058d8459682f008508351050808303fd84948e42f2f4101563bf679975178e880fd87d3efd4e80b884659ac74b00000000000000000000000080f0c1c49891dcfdd40b6e0f960f84e6042bcb6f000000000000000000000000b97ef9ef8734c71904d8002f8b6bc66dd9c48a6e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007ff4e20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000064c001a05d429597befe2835396206781b199122f2e8297327ed4a05483339e7a8b2022aa04c23a7f70fb29dda1b4ee342fb10a625e9b8ddc6a603fb4e170d4f6f37700cb8";
2230    /// let tx_envelope = Cast::decode_raw_transaction(&tx)?;
2231    /// # Ok::<(), eyre::Report>(())
2232    pub fn decode_raw_transaction(tx: &str) -> Result<TxEnvelope> {
2233        let tx_hex = hex::decode(tx)?;
2234        let tx = TxEnvelope::decode_2718(&mut tx_hex.as_slice())?;
2235        Ok(tx)
2236    }
2237}
2238
2239fn strip_0x(s: &str) -> &str {
2240    s.strip_prefix("0x").unwrap_or(s)
2241}
2242
2243fn explorer_client(
2244    chain: Chain,
2245    api_key: Option<String>,
2246    api_url: Option<String>,
2247    explorer_url: Option<String>,
2248) -> Result<Client> {
2249    let mut builder = Client::builder().with_chain_id(chain);
2250
2251    let deduced = chain.etherscan_urls();
2252
2253    let explorer_url = explorer_url
2254        .or(deduced.map(|d| d.1.to_string()))
2255        .ok_or_eyre("Please provide the explorer browser URL using `--explorer-url`")?;
2256    builder = builder.with_url(explorer_url)?;
2257
2258    let api_url = api_url
2259        .or(deduced.map(|d| d.0.to_string()))
2260        .ok_or_eyre("Please provide the explorer API URL using `--explorer-api-url`")?;
2261    builder = builder.with_api_url(api_url)?;
2262
2263    if let Some(api_key) = api_key {
2264        builder = builder.with_api_key(api_key);
2265    }
2266
2267    builder.build().map_err(Into::into)
2268}
2269
2270#[cfg(test)]
2271mod tests {
2272    use super::SimpleCast as Cast;
2273    use alloy_primitives::hex;
2274
2275    #[test]
2276    fn simple_selector() {
2277        assert_eq!("0xc2985578", Cast::get_selector("foo()", 0).unwrap().0.as_str())
2278    }
2279
2280    #[test]
2281    fn selector_with_arg() {
2282        assert_eq!("0xbd0d639f", Cast::get_selector("foo(address,uint256)", 0).unwrap().0.as_str())
2283    }
2284
2285    #[test]
2286    fn calldata_uint() {
2287        assert_eq!(
2288            "0xb3de648b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
2289            Cast::calldata_encode("f(uint256 a)", &["1"]).unwrap().as_str()
2290        );
2291    }
2292
2293    // <https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/2681>
2294    #[test]
2295    fn calldata_array() {
2296        assert_eq!(
2297            "0xcde2baba0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
2298            Cast::calldata_encode("propose(string[])", &["[\"\"]"]).unwrap().as_str()
2299        );
2300    }
2301
2302    #[test]
2303    fn calldata_bool() {
2304        assert_eq!(
2305            "0x6fae94120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
2306            Cast::calldata_encode("bar(bool)", &["false"]).unwrap().as_str()
2307        );
2308    }
2309
2310    #[test]
2311    fn abi_decode() {
2312        let data = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001";
2313        let sig = "balanceOf(address, uint256)(uint256)";
2314        assert_eq!(
2315            "1",
2316            Cast::abi_decode(sig, data, false).unwrap()[0].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string()
2317        );
2318
2319        let data = "0x0000000000000000000000008dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e000000000000000000000000d9f3c9cc99548bf3b44a43e0a2d07399eb918adc000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
2320        let sig = "safeTransferFrom(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)";
2321        let decoded = Cast::abi_decode(sig, data, true).unwrap();
2322        let decoded = [
2323            decoded[0]
2324                .as_address()
2325                .unwrap()
2326                .to_string()
2327                .strip_prefix("0x")
2328                .unwrap()
2329                .to_owned()
2330                .to_lowercase(),
2331            decoded[1]
2332                .as_address()
2333                .unwrap()
2334                .to_string()
2335                .strip_prefix("0x")
2336                .unwrap()
2337                .to_owned()
2338                .to_lowercase(),
2339            decoded[2].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string(),
2340            decoded[3].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string(),
2341            hex::encode(decoded[4].as_bytes().unwrap()),
2342        ]
2343        .to_vec();
2344        assert_eq!(
2345            decoded,
2346            vec![
2347                "8dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e",
2348                "d9f3c9cc99548bf3b44a43e0a2d07399eb918adc",
2349                "42",
2350                "1",
2351                ""
2352            ]
2353        );
2354    }
2355
2356    #[test]
2357    fn calldata_decode() {
2358        let data = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001";
2359        let sig = "balanceOf(address, uint256)(uint256)";
2360        let decoded =
2361            Cast::calldata_decode(sig, data, false).unwrap()[0].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string();
2362        assert_eq!(decoded, "1");
2363
2364        // Passing `input = true` will decode the data with the input function signature.
2365        // We exclude the "prefixed" function selector from the data field (the first 4 bytes).
2366        let data = "0xf242432a0000000000000000000000008dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e000000000000000000000000d9f3c9cc99548bf3b44a43e0a2d07399eb918adc000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
2367        let sig = "safeTransferFrom(address, address, uint256, uint256, bytes)";
2368        let decoded = Cast::calldata_decode(sig, data, true).unwrap();
2369        let decoded = [
2370            decoded[0].as_address().unwrap().to_string().to_lowercase(),
2371            decoded[1].as_address().unwrap().to_string().to_lowercase(),
2372            decoded[2].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string(),
2373            decoded[3].as_uint().unwrap().0.to_string(),
2374            hex::encode(decoded[4].as_bytes().unwrap()),
2375        ]
2376        .into_iter()
2377        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
2378        assert_eq!(
2379            decoded,
2380            vec![
2381                "0x8dbd1b711dc621e1404633da156fcc779e1c6f3e",
2382                "0xd9f3c9cc99548bf3b44a43e0a2d07399eb918adc",
2383                "42",
2384                "1",
2385                ""
2386            ]
2387        );
2388    }
2389
2390    #[test]
2391    fn concat_hex() {
2392        assert_eq!(Cast::concat_hex(["0x00", "0x01"]), "0x0001");
2393        assert_eq!(Cast::concat_hex(["1", "2"]), "0x12");
2394    }
2395
2396    #[test]
2397    fn from_rlp() {
2398        let rlp = "0xf8b1a02b5df5f0757397573e8ff34a8b987b21680357de1f6c8d10273aa528a851eaca8080a02838ac1d2d2721ba883169179b48480b2ba4f43d70fcf806956746bd9e83f90380a0e46fff283b0ab96a32a7cc375cecc3ed7b6303a43d64e0a12eceb0bc6bd8754980a01d818c1c414c665a9c9a0e0c0ef1ef87cacb380b8c1f6223cb2a68a4b2d023f5808080a0236e8f61ecde6abfebc6c529441f782f62469d8a2cc47b7aace2c136bd3b1ff08080808080";
2399        let item = Cast::from_rlp(rlp, false).unwrap();
2400        assert_eq!(
2401            item,
2402            r#"["0x2b5df5f0757397573e8ff34a8b987b21680357de1f6c8d10273aa528a851eaca","0x","0x","0x2838ac1d2d2721ba883169179b48480b2ba4f43d70fcf806956746bd9e83f903","0x","0xe46fff283b0ab96a32a7cc375cecc3ed7b6303a43d64e0a12eceb0bc6bd87549","0x","0x1d818c1c414c665a9c9a0e0c0ef1ef87cacb380b8c1f6223cb2a68a4b2d023f5","0x","0x","0x","0x236e8f61ecde6abfebc6c529441f782f62469d8a2cc47b7aace2c136bd3b1ff0","0x","0x","0x","0x","0x"]"#
2403        )
2404    }
2405
2406    #[test]
2407    fn disassemble_incomplete_sequence() {
2408        let incomplete = &hex!("60"); // PUSH1
2409        let disassembled = Cast::disassemble(incomplete).unwrap();
2410        assert_eq!(disassembled, "00000000: PUSH1 0x00\n");
2411
2412        let complete = &hex!("6000"); // PUSH1 0x00
2413        let disassembled = Cast::disassemble(complete);
2414        assert!(disassembled.is_ok());
2415
2416        let incomplete = &hex!("7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"); // PUSH32 with 31 bytes
2417
2418        let disassembled = Cast::disassemble(incomplete).unwrap();
2419
2420        assert_eq!(
2421            disassembled,
2422            "00000000: PUSH32 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00\n"
2423        );
2424
2425        let complete = &hex!("7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"); // PUSH32 with 32 bytes
2426        let disassembled = Cast::disassemble(complete);
2427        assert!(disassembled.is_ok());
2428    }
2429}