// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of Polkadot.

// Polkadot is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// Polkadot is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Polkadot.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! Common logic for implementation of worker processes.

use crate::LOG_TARGET;
use codec::Encode;
use futures::FutureExt as _;
use futures_timer::Delay;
use pin_project::pin_project;
use polkadot_node_core_pvf_common::{SecurityStatus, WorkerHandshake};
use rand::Rng;
use std::{
	fmt, mem,
	path::{Path, PathBuf},
	pin::Pin,
	task::{Context, Poll},
	time::Duration,
};
use tokio::{
	io::{self, AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt as _, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt as _, ReadBuf},
	net::{UnixListener, UnixStream},
	process,
};

/// A multiple of the job timeout (in CPU time) for which we are willing to wait on the host (in
/// wall clock time). This is lenient because CPU time may go slower than wall clock time.
pub const JOB_TIMEOUT_WALL_CLOCK_FACTOR: u32 = 4;

/// This is publicly exposed only for integration tests.
///
/// # Parameters
///
/// - `debug_id`: An identifier for the process (e.g. "execute" or "prepare").
///
/// - `program_path`: The path to the program.
///
/// - `cache_path`: The path to the artifact cache.
///
/// - `extra_args`: Optional extra CLI arguments to the program. NOTE: Should only contain data
///   required before the handshake, like node/worker versions for the version check. Other data
///   should go through the handshake.
///
/// - `spawn_timeout`: The amount of time to wait for the child process to spawn.
///
/// - `security_status`: contains the detected status of security features.
#[doc(hidden)]
pub async fn spawn_with_program_path(
	debug_id: &'static str,
	program_path: impl Into<PathBuf>,
	cache_path: &Path,
	extra_args: &[&str],
	spawn_timeout: Duration,
	security_status: SecurityStatus,
) -> Result<(IdleWorker, WorkerHandle), SpawnErr> {
	let program_path = program_path.into();
	let worker_dir = WorkerDir::new(debug_id, cache_path).await?;
	let extra_args: Vec<String> = extra_args.iter().map(|arg| arg.to_string()).collect();
	// Hack the borrow-checker.
	let program_path_clone = program_path.clone();
	let worker_dir_clone = worker_dir.path().to_owned();
	let extra_args_clone = extra_args.clone();

	with_transient_socket_path(debug_id, |socket_path| {
		let socket_path = socket_path.to_owned();

		async move {
			let listener = match UnixListener::bind(&socket_path) {
				Ok(ok) => ok,
				Err(err) => return Err(SpawnErr::Bind { socket_path, err: err.to_string() }),
			};

			let handle =
				WorkerHandle::spawn(&program_path, &extra_args, &socket_path, &worker_dir.path())
					.map_err(|err| SpawnErr::ProcessSpawn { program_path, err: err.to_string() })?;

			futures::select! {
				accept_result = listener.accept().fuse() => {
					let (mut stream, _) = accept_result
						.map_err(|err| SpawnErr::Accept { socket_path, err: err.to_string() })?;
					send_worker_handshake(&mut stream, WorkerHandshake { security_status })
						.await
						.map_err(|err| SpawnErr::Handshake { err: err.to_string() })?;
					Ok((IdleWorker { stream, pid: handle.id(), worker_dir }, handle))
				}
				_ = Delay::new(spawn_timeout).fuse() => Err(SpawnErr::AcceptTimeout{spawn_timeout}),
			}
		}
	})
	.await
	.map_err(|err| {
		gum::warn!(
			target: LOG_TARGET,
			%debug_id,
			program_path = ?program_path_clone,
			extra_args = ?extra_args_clone,
			worker_dir = ?worker_dir_clone,
			"error spawning worker: {}",
			err,
		);
		err
	})
}

/// A temporary, random, free path that is necessary only to establish socket communications. If a
/// directory exists at the path at the end of this function, it is removed then.
async fn with_transient_socket_path<T, F, Fut>(debug_id: &'static str, f: F) -> Result<T, SpawnErr>
where
	F: FnOnce(&Path) -> Fut,
	Fut: futures::Future<Output = Result<T, SpawnErr>> + 'static,
{
	/// Returns a path under [`std::env::temp_dir`]. The path name will start with the given prefix.
	///
	/// There is only a certain number of retries. If exceeded this function will give up and return
	/// an error.
	pub async fn tmppath(prefix: &str) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
		fn make_tmppath(prefix: &str, dir: &Path) -> PathBuf {
			use rand::distributions::Alphanumeric;

			const DISCRIMINATOR_LEN: usize = 10;

			let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(prefix.len() + DISCRIMINATOR_LEN);
			buf.extend(prefix.as_bytes());
			buf.extend(rand::thread_rng().sample_iter(&Alphanumeric).take(DISCRIMINATOR_LEN));

			let s = std::str::from_utf8(&buf)
				.expect("the string is collected from a valid utf-8 sequence; qed");

			let mut path = dir.to_owned();
			path.push(s);
			path
		}

		const NUM_RETRIES: usize = 50;

		let dir = std::env::temp_dir();
		for _ in 0..NUM_RETRIES {
			let tmp_path = make_tmppath(prefix, &dir);
			if !tmp_path.exists() {
				return Ok(tmp_path)
			}
		}

		Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "failed to create a temporary path"))
	}

	let socket_path = tmppath(&format!("pvf-host-{}-", debug_id))
		.await
		.map_err(|_| SpawnErr::TmpPath)?;
	let result = f(&socket_path).await;

	// Best effort to remove the socket file. Under normal circumstances the socket will be removed
	// by the worker. We make sure that it is removed here, just in case a failed rendezvous.
	let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(socket_path).await;

	result
}

/// A struct that represents an idle worker.
///
/// This struct is supposed to be used as a token that is passed by move into a subroutine that
/// initiates a job. If the worker dies on the duty, then the token is not returned.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct IdleWorker {
	/// The stream to which the child process is connected.
	pub stream: UnixStream,

	/// The identifier of this process. Used to reset the niceness.
	pub pid: u32,

	/// The temporary per-worker path. We clean up the worker dir between jobs and delete it when
	/// the worker dies.
	pub worker_dir: WorkerDir,
}

/// This is publicly exposed only for integration tests.
///
/// An error happened during spawning a worker process.
#[derive(thiserror::Error, Clone, Debug)]
#[doc(hidden)]
pub enum SpawnErr {
	#[error("cannot obtain a temporary path location")]
	TmpPath,
	#[error("cannot bind the socket to the given path {socket_path:?}: {err}")]
	Bind { socket_path: PathBuf, err: String },
	#[error(
		"an error happened during accepting a connection to the socket {socket_path:?}: {err}"
	)]
	Accept { socket_path: PathBuf, err: String },
	#[error("an error happened during spawning the process at path {program_path:?}: {err}")]
	ProcessSpawn { program_path: PathBuf, err: String },
	#[error("the deadline {}ms allotted for the worker spawning and connecting to the socket has elapsed", .spawn_timeout.as_millis())]
	AcceptTimeout { spawn_timeout: Duration },
	#[error("failed to send handshake after successful spawning was signaled: {err}")]
	Handshake { err: String },
}

/// This is a representation of a potentially running worker. Drop it and the process will be
/// killed.
///
/// A worker's handle is also a future that resolves when it's detected that the worker's process
/// has been terminated. Since the worker is running in another process it is obviously not
/// necessary to poll this future to make the worker run, it's only for termination detection.
///
/// This future relies on the fact that a child process's stdout `fd` is closed upon its
/// termination.
#[pin_project]
pub struct WorkerHandle {
	child: process::Child,
	child_id: u32,
	#[pin]
	stdout: process::ChildStdout,
	program: PathBuf,
	drop_box: Box<[u8]>,
}

impl WorkerHandle {
	fn spawn(
		program: impl AsRef<Path>,
		extra_args: &[String],
		socket_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
		worker_dir_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
	) -> io::Result<Self> {
		// Clear all env vars from the spawned process.
		let mut command = process::Command::new(program.as_ref());
		command.env_clear();

		command.env("RUST_LOG", sc_tracing::logging::get_directives().join(","));

		let mut child = command
			.args(extra_args)
			.arg("--socket-path")
			.arg(socket_path.as_ref().as_os_str())
			.arg("--worker-dir-path")
			.arg(worker_dir_path.as_ref().as_os_str())
			.stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
			.kill_on_drop(true)
			.spawn()?;

		let child_id = child
			.id()
			.ok_or(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "could not get id of spawned process"))?;
		let stdout = child
			.stdout
			.take()
			.expect("the process spawned with piped stdout should have the stdout handle");

		Ok(WorkerHandle {
			child,
			child_id,
			stdout,
			program: program.as_ref().to_path_buf(),
			// We don't expect the bytes to be ever read. But in case we do, we should not use a
			// buffer of a small size, because otherwise if the child process does return any data
			// we will end up issuing a syscall for each byte. We also prefer not to do allocate
			// that on the stack, since each poll the buffer will be allocated and initialized (and
			// that's due `poll_read` takes &mut [u8] and there are no guarantees that a `poll_read`
			// won't ever read from there even though that's unlikely).
			//
			// OTOH, we also don't want to be super smart here and we could just afford to allocate
			// a buffer for that here.
			drop_box: vec![0; 8192].into_boxed_slice(),
		})
	}

	/// Returns the process id of this worker.
	pub fn id(&self) -> u32 {
		self.child_id
	}
}

impl futures::Future for WorkerHandle {
	type Output = ();

	fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
		let me = self.project();
		// Create a `ReadBuf` here instead of storing it in `WorkerHandle` to avoid a lifetime
		// parameter on `WorkerHandle`. Creating the `ReadBuf` is fairly cheap.
		let mut read_buf = ReadBuf::new(&mut *me.drop_box);
		match futures::ready!(AsyncRead::poll_read(me.stdout, cx, &mut read_buf)) {
			Ok(()) => {
				if read_buf.filled().len() > 0 {
					// weird, we've read something. Pretend that never happened and reschedule
					// ourselves.
					cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
					Poll::Pending
				} else {
					// Nothing read means `EOF` means the child was terminated. Resolve.
					Poll::Ready(())
				}
			},
			Err(err) => {
				// The implementation is guaranteed to not to return `WouldBlock` and Interrupted.
				// This leaves us with legit errors which we suppose were due to termination.

				// Log the status code.
				gum::debug!(
					target: LOG_TARGET,
					worker_pid = %me.child_id,
					status_code = ?me.child.try_wait().ok().flatten().map(|c| c.to_string()),
					"pvf worker ({}): {:?}",
					me.program.display(),
					err,
				);
				Poll::Ready(())
			},
		}
	}
}

impl fmt::Debug for WorkerHandle {
	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
		write!(f, "WorkerHandle(pid={})", self.id())
	}
}

/// Write some data prefixed by its length into `w`.
pub async fn framed_send(w: &mut (impl AsyncWrite + Unpin), buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
	let len_buf = buf.len().to_le_bytes();
	w.write_all(&len_buf).await?;
	w.write_all(buf).await?;
	Ok(())
}

/// Read some data prefixed by its length from `r`.
pub async fn framed_recv(r: &mut (impl AsyncRead + Unpin)) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
	let mut len_buf = [0u8; mem::size_of::<usize>()];
	r.read_exact(&mut len_buf).await?;
	let len = usize::from_le_bytes(len_buf);
	let mut buf = vec![0; len];
	r.read_exact(&mut buf).await?;
	Ok(buf)
}

/// Sends a handshake with information for the worker.
async fn send_worker_handshake(
	stream: &mut UnixStream,
	handshake: WorkerHandshake,
) -> io::Result<()> {
	framed_send(stream, &handshake.encode()).await
}

/// A temporary worker dir that contains only files needed by the worker. The worker will change its
/// root (the `/` directory) to this directory; it should have access to no other paths on its
/// filesystem.
///
/// NOTE: This struct cleans up its associated directory when it is dropped. Therefore it should not
/// implement `Clone`.
///
/// # File structure
///
/// The overall file structure for the PVF system is as follows. The `worker-dir-X`s are managed by
/// this struct.
///
/// ```nocompile
/// + /<cache_path>/
///   - artifact-1
///   - artifact-2
///   - [...]
///   - worker-dir-1/  (new `/` for worker-1)
///     + socket                            (created by host)
///     + tmp-artifact                      (created by host) (prepare-only)
///     + artifact     (link -> artifact-1) (created by host) (execute-only)
///   - worker-dir-2/  (new `/` for worker-2)
///     + [...]
/// ```
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct WorkerDir {
	tempdir: tempfile::TempDir,
}

pub const WORKER_DIR_PREFIX: &str = "worker-dir";

impl WorkerDir {
	/// Creates a new, empty worker dir with a random name in the given cache dir.
	pub async fn new(debug_id: &'static str, cache_dir: &Path) -> Result<Self, SpawnErr> {
		let prefix = format!("{WORKER_DIR_PREFIX}-{debug_id}-");
		let tempdir = tempfile::Builder::new()
			.prefix(&prefix)
			.tempdir_in(cache_dir)
			.map_err(|_| SpawnErr::TmpPath)?;
		Ok(Self { tempdir })
	}

	pub fn path(&self) -> &Path {
		self.tempdir.path()
	}
}

// Not async since Rust has trouble with async recursion. There should be few files here anyway.
//
/// Clear the temporary worker dir without deleting it. Not deleting is important because the worker
/// has mounted its own separate filesystem here.
///
/// Should be called right after a job has finished. We don't want jobs to have access to
/// artifacts from previous jobs.
pub fn clear_worker_dir_path(worker_dir_path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
	fn remove_dir_contents(path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
		for entry in std::fs::read_dir(path)? {
			let entry = entry?;
			let path = entry.path();

			if entry.file_type()?.is_dir() {
				remove_dir_contents(&path)?;
				std::fs::remove_dir(path)?;
			} else {
				std::fs::remove_file(path)?;
			}
		}
		Ok(())
	}

	// Note the worker dir may not exist anymore because of the worker dying and being cleaned up.
	match remove_dir_contents(worker_dir_path) {
		Err(err) if matches!(err.kind(), io::ErrorKind::NotFound) => Ok(()),
		result => result,
	}
}