sc_network/bitswap/

mod.rs

// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of Substrate.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH Classpath-exception-2.0

// Substrate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// Substrate is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Substrate. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! Bitswap server for Substrate.
//!
//! Supports querying indexed transactions by hash over the standard bitswap protocol (v1.2.0).
//! CIDs must reference a supported 256-bit transaction hash.

use crate::{
	request_responses::{IncomingRequest, OutgoingResponse, ProtocolConfig},
	types::ProtocolName,
	MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE,
};

use cid::{Error as CidError, Version as CidVersion};
use futures::StreamExt;
use log::{debug, error, trace};
use prost::Message;
use sc_client_api::BlockBackend;
use sc_network_types::PeerId;
use schema::bitswap::{
	message::{wantlist::WantType, Block as MessageBlock, BlockPresence, BlockPresenceType},
	Message as BitswapMessage,
};
use sp_core::H256;
use sp_runtime::traits::Block as BlockT;
use std::{io, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
use unsigned_varint::encode as varint_encode;

/// Bitswap client.
mod client;
pub(crate) mod schema;

pub use cid::Cid;
pub use client::{
	request_bitswap_blocks, request_bitswap_blocks_unverified, BitswapError, FetchOutcome,
	BLAKE2B_256_MULTIHASH_CODE, KECCAK_256_MULTIHASH_CODE, SHA2_256_MULTIHASH_CODE,
};

pub(crate) use schema::bitswap::Message as BitswapProtoMessage;

pub(crate) const LOG_TARGET: &str = "sub-libp2p::bitswap";

// Use the network-wide response cap for Bitswap messages.
const MAX_PACKET_SIZE: u64 = MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE;

/// Max number of queued responses before denying requests.
const MAX_REQUEST_QUEUE: usize = 20;

/// Max number of blocks per wantlist.
pub const MAX_WANTED_BLOCKS: usize = 16;

/// Bitswap protocol name.
pub(crate) const PROTOCOL_NAME: &str = "/ipfs/bitswap/1.2.0";

/// IPFS raw multicodec used for indexed transaction payload bytes.
pub const RAW_CODEC: u64 = 0x55;

/// Check if a CID is supported by the bitswap protocol — CIDv1, 32-byte digest, with a
/// supported multihash code (Blake2b-256, SHA2-256, or Keccak-256).
pub fn is_cid_supported(cid: &Cid) -> bool {
	cid.version() != CidVersion::V0 &&
		cid.hash().size() == 32 &&
		is_supported_multihash_code(cid.hash().code())
}

/// Return `true` if `code` is a supported multihash code.
pub(crate) fn is_supported_multihash_code(code: u64) -> bool {
	matches!(code, BLAKE2B_256_MULTIHASH_CODE | SHA2_256_MULTIHASH_CODE | KECCAK_256_MULTIHASH_CODE)
}

/// CID metadata without the actual content bytes.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct Prefix {
	/// The version of CID.
	pub version: CidVersion,
	/// The codec of CID.
	pub codec: u64,
	/// The multihash type of CID.
	pub mh_type: u64,
	/// The multihash length of CID.
	pub mh_len: u8,
}

impl From<&Cid> for Prefix {
	fn from(cid: &Cid) -> Self {
		Self {
			version: cid.version(),
			codec: cid.codec(),
			mh_type: cid.hash().code(),
			mh_len: cid.hash().size(),
		}
	}
}

impl Prefix {
	/// Convert the prefix to encoded bytes.
	pub(crate) fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
		let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(4);
		let mut buf = varint_encode::u64_buffer();
		let version = varint_encode::u64(self.version.into(), &mut buf);
		res.extend_from_slice(version);
		let mut buf = varint_encode::u64_buffer();
		let codec = varint_encode::u64(self.codec, &mut buf);
		res.extend_from_slice(codec);
		let mut buf = varint_encode::u64_buffer();
		let mh_type = varint_encode::u64(self.mh_type, &mut buf);
		res.extend_from_slice(mh_type);
		let mut buf = varint_encode::u64_buffer();
		let mh_len = varint_encode::u64(self.mh_len as u64, &mut buf);
		res.extend_from_slice(mh_len);
		res
	}
}

/// Bitswap request handler.
pub(crate) struct BitswapRequestHandler<B> {
	client: Arc<dyn BlockBackend<B> + Send + Sync>,
	request_receiver: async_channel::Receiver<IncomingRequest>,
}

impl<B: BlockT> BitswapRequestHandler<B> {
	/// Create a new [`BitswapRequestHandler`].
	pub(crate) fn new(client: Arc<dyn BlockBackend<B> + Send + Sync>) -> (Self, ProtocolConfig) {
		let (tx, request_receiver) = async_channel::bounded(MAX_REQUEST_QUEUE);

		let config = ProtocolConfig {
			name: ProtocolName::from(PROTOCOL_NAME),
			fallback_names: vec![],
			max_request_size: MAX_PACKET_SIZE,
			max_response_size: MAX_PACKET_SIZE,
			request_timeout: Duration::from_secs(15),
			inbound_queue: Some(tx),
		};

		(Self { client, request_receiver }, config)
	}

	/// Run [`BitswapRequestHandler`].
	pub(crate) async fn run(mut self) {
		while let Some(request) = self.request_receiver.next().await {
			let IncomingRequest { peer, payload, pending_response } = request;

			match self.handle_message(&peer, &payload) {
				Ok(response) => {
					let response = OutgoingResponse {
						result: Ok(response),
						reputation_changes: Vec::new(),
						sent_feedback: None,
					};

					match pending_response.send(response) {
						Ok(()) => {
							trace!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Handled bitswap request from {peer}.",)
						},
						Err(_) => debug!(
							target: LOG_TARGET,
							"Failed to handle bitswap request from {peer}: {}",
							RequestHandlerError::SendResponse,
						),
					}
				},
				Err(err) => {
					error!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Failed to process request from {peer}: {err}");

					// TODO: adjust reputation?

					let response = OutgoingResponse {
						result: Err(()),
						reputation_changes: vec![],
						sent_feedback: None,
					};

					if pending_response.send(response).is_err() {
						debug!(
							target: LOG_TARGET,
							"Failed to handle bitswap request from {peer}: {}",
							RequestHandlerError::SendResponse,
						);
					}
				},
			}
		}
	}

	/// Handle received Bitswap request
	fn handle_message(
		&mut self,
		peer: &PeerId,
		payload: &[u8],
	) -> Result<Vec<u8>, RequestHandlerError> {
		let request = schema::bitswap::Message::decode(payload)?;

		trace!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Received request: {:?} from {}", request, peer);

		let mut response = BitswapMessage::default();

		let wantlist = match request.wantlist {
			Some(wantlist) => wantlist,
			None => {
				debug!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Unexpected bitswap message from {}", peer);
				return Err(RequestHandlerError::InvalidWantList);
			},
		};

		if wantlist.entries.len() > MAX_WANTED_BLOCKS {
			trace!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Ignored request: too many entries");
			return Err(RequestHandlerError::TooManyEntries);
		}

		for entry in wantlist.entries {
			let cid = match Cid::read_bytes(entry.block.as_slice()) {
				Ok(cid) => cid,
				Err(e) => {
					trace!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Bad CID {:?}: {:?}", entry.block, e);
					continue;
				},
			};

			if !is_cid_supported(&cid) {
				trace!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Ignoring unsupported CID {}: {}", peer, cid);
				continue;
			}

			let mut hash = H256::default();
			hash.as_mut().copy_from_slice(&cid.hash().digest()[0..32]);
			let transaction = match self.client.indexed_transaction(hash) {
				Ok(ex) => ex,
				Err(e) => {
					error!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Error retrieving transaction {}: {}", hash, e);
					None
				},
			};

			match transaction {
				Some(transaction) => {
					trace!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Found CID {:?}, hash {:?}", cid, hash);

					if entry.want_type == WantType::Block as i32 {
						let prefix: Prefix = (&cid).into();
						response
							.payload
							.push(MessageBlock { prefix: prefix.to_bytes(), data: transaction });
					} else {
						response.block_presences.push(BlockPresence {
							r#type: BlockPresenceType::Have as i32,
							cid: cid.to_bytes(),
						});
					}
				},
				None => {
					trace!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Missing CID {:?}, hash {:?}", cid, hash);

					if entry.send_dont_have {
						response.block_presences.push(BlockPresence {
							r#type: BlockPresenceType::DontHave as i32,
							cid: cid.to_bytes(),
						});
					}
				},
			}
		}

		Ok(response.encode_to_vec())
	}
}

/// Bitswap protocol error.
#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
enum RequestHandlerError {
	/// Protobuf decoding error.
	#[error("Failed to decode request: {0}.")]
	DecodeProto(#[from] prost::DecodeError),

	/// Protobuf encoding error.
	#[error("Failed to encode response: {0}.")]
	EncodeProto(#[from] prost::EncodeError),

	/// Client backend error.
	#[error(transparent)]
	Client(#[from] sp_blockchain::Error),

	/// Error parsing CID
	#[error(transparent)]
	BadCid(#[from] CidError),

	/// Packet read error.
	#[error(transparent)]
	Read(#[from] io::Error),

	/// Error sending response.
	#[error("Failed to send response.")]
	SendResponse,

	/// Message doesn't have a WANT list.
	#[error("Invalid WANT list.")]
	InvalidWantList,

	/// Too many blocks requested.
	#[error("Too many block entries in the request.")]
	TooManyEntries,
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
	use super::*;
	use futures::channel::oneshot;
	use litep2p::types::multihash::Code as LiteP2pCode;
	use sc_block_builder::BlockBuilderBuilder;
	use schema::bitswap::{
		message::{wantlist::Entry, Wantlist},
		Message as BitswapMessage,
	};
	use sp_consensus::BlockOrigin;
	use sp_runtime::codec::Encode;
	use substrate_test_runtime::ExtrinsicBuilder;
	use substrate_test_runtime_client::{self, prelude::*, TestClientBuilder};

	#[tokio::test]
	async fn undecodable_message() {
		let client = substrate_test_runtime_client::new();
		let (bitswap, config) = BitswapRequestHandler::new(Arc::new(client));

		tokio::spawn(async move { bitswap.run().await });

		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
		config
			.inbound_queue
			.unwrap()
			.send(IncomingRequest {
				peer: PeerId::random(),
				payload: vec![0x13, 0x37, 0x13, 0x38],
				pending_response: tx,
			})
			.await
			.unwrap();

		if let Ok(OutgoingResponse { result, reputation_changes, sent_feedback }) = rx.await {
			assert_eq!(result, Err(()));
			assert_eq!(reputation_changes, Vec::new());
			assert!(sent_feedback.is_none());
		} else {
			panic!("invalid event received");
		}
	}

	#[tokio::test]
	async fn empty_want_list() {
		let client = substrate_test_runtime_client::new();
		let (bitswap, mut config) = BitswapRequestHandler::new(Arc::new(client));

		tokio::spawn(async move { bitswap.run().await });

		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
		config
			.inbound_queue
			.as_mut()
			.unwrap()
			.send(IncomingRequest {
				peer: PeerId::random(),
				payload: BitswapMessage { wantlist: None, ..Default::default() }.encode_to_vec(),
				pending_response: tx,
			})
			.await
			.unwrap();

		if let Ok(OutgoingResponse { result, reputation_changes, sent_feedback }) = rx.await {
			assert_eq!(result, Err(()));
			assert_eq!(reputation_changes, Vec::new());
			assert!(sent_feedback.is_none());
		} else {
			panic!("invalid event received");
		}

		// Empty WANT list should not cause an error
		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
		config
			.inbound_queue
			.unwrap()
			.send(IncomingRequest {
				peer: PeerId::random(),
				payload: BitswapMessage {
					wantlist: Some(Default::default()),
					..Default::default()
				}
				.encode_to_vec(),
				pending_response: tx,
			})
			.await
			.unwrap();

		if let Ok(OutgoingResponse { result, reputation_changes, sent_feedback }) = rx.await {
			assert_eq!(result, Ok(BitswapMessage::default().encode_to_vec()));
			assert_eq!(reputation_changes, Vec::new());
			assert!(sent_feedback.is_none());
		} else {
			panic!("invalid event received");
		}
	}

	#[tokio::test]
	async fn too_long_want_list() {
		let client = substrate_test_runtime_client::new();
		let (bitswap, config) = BitswapRequestHandler::new(Arc::new(client));

		tokio::spawn(async move { bitswap.run().await });

		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
		config
			.inbound_queue
			.unwrap()
			.send(IncomingRequest {
				peer: PeerId::random(),
				payload: BitswapMessage {
					wantlist: Some(Wantlist {
						entries: (0..MAX_WANTED_BLOCKS + 1)
							.map(|_| Entry::default())
							.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
						full: false,
					}),
					..Default::default()
				}
				.encode_to_vec(),
				pending_response: tx,
			})
			.await
			.unwrap();

		if let Ok(OutgoingResponse { result, reputation_changes, sent_feedback }) = rx.await {
			assert_eq!(result, Err(()));
			assert_eq!(reputation_changes, Vec::new());
			assert!(sent_feedback.is_none());
		} else {
			panic!("invalid event received");
		}
	}

	#[tokio::test]
	async fn transaction_not_found() {
		let client = TestClientBuilder::with_tx_storage(u32::MAX).build();

		let (bitswap, config) = BitswapRequestHandler::new(Arc::new(client));
		tokio::spawn(async move { bitswap.run().await });

		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
		config
			.inbound_queue
			.unwrap()
			.send(IncomingRequest {
				peer: PeerId::random(),
				payload: BitswapMessage {
					wantlist: Some(Wantlist {
						entries: vec![Entry {
							block: cid::Cid::new_v1(
								0x70,
								cid::multihash::Multihash::wrap(
									u64::from(LiteP2pCode::Blake2b256),
									&[0u8; 32],
								)
								.unwrap(),
							)
							.to_bytes(),
							..Default::default()
						}],
						full: false,
					}),
					..Default::default()
				}
				.encode_to_vec(),
				pending_response: tx,
			})
			.await
			.unwrap();

		if let Ok(OutgoingResponse { result, reputation_changes, sent_feedback }) = rx.await {
			assert_eq!(result, Ok(vec![]));
			assert_eq!(reputation_changes, Vec::new());
			assert!(sent_feedback.is_none());
		} else {
			panic!("invalid event received");
		}
	}

	#[tokio::test]
	async fn transaction_found() {
		let client = TestClientBuilder::with_tx_storage(u32::MAX).build();
		let mut block_builder = BlockBuilderBuilder::new(&client)
			.on_parent_block(client.chain_info().genesis_hash)
			.with_parent_block_number(0)
			.build()
			.unwrap();

		// encoded extrinsic: [161, .. , 2, 6, 16, 19, 55, 19, 56]
		let ext = ExtrinsicBuilder::new_indexed_call(vec![0x13, 0x37, 0x13, 0x38]).build();
		let pattern_index = ext.encoded_size() - 4;

		block_builder.push(ext.clone()).unwrap();
		let block = block_builder.build().unwrap().block;

		client.import(BlockOrigin::File, block).await.unwrap();

		let (bitswap, config) = BitswapRequestHandler::new(Arc::new(client));

		tokio::spawn(async move { bitswap.run().await });

		let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
		config
			.inbound_queue
			.unwrap()
			.send(IncomingRequest {
				peer: PeerId::random(),
				payload: BitswapMessage {
					wantlist: Some(Wantlist {
						entries: vec![Entry {
							block: cid::Cid::new_v1(
								0x70,
								cid::multihash::Multihash::wrap(
									u64::from(LiteP2pCode::Blake2b256),
									&sp_crypto_hashing::blake2_256(&ext.encode()[pattern_index..]),
								)
								.unwrap(),
							)
							.to_bytes(),
							..Default::default()
						}],
						full: false,
					}),
					..Default::default()
				}
				.encode_to_vec(),
				pending_response: tx,
			})
			.await
			.unwrap();

		if let Ok(OutgoingResponse { result, reputation_changes, sent_feedback }) = rx.await {
			assert_eq!(reputation_changes, Vec::new());
			assert!(sent_feedback.is_none());

			let response =
				schema::bitswap::Message::decode(&result.expect("fetch to succeed")[..]).unwrap();
			assert_eq!(response.payload[0].data, vec![0x13, 0x37, 0x13, 0x38]);
		} else {
			panic!("invalid event received");
		}
	}

	#[tokio::test]
	async fn transaction_not_found_sends_dont_have_when_requested() {
		let client = TestClientBuilder::with_tx_storage(u32::MAX).build();
		let (mut bitswap, _config) = BitswapRequestHandler::new(Arc::new(client));
		let cid = cid::Cid::new_v1(
			0x70,
			cid::multihash::Multihash::wrap(u64::from(LiteP2pCode::Blake2b256), &[0u8; 32])
				.unwrap(),
		);
		let request = BitswapMessage {
			wantlist: Some(Wantlist {
				entries: vec![Entry {
					block: cid.to_bytes(),
					send_dont_have: true,
					..Default::default()
				}],
				full: false,
			}),
			..Default::default()
		}
		.encode_to_vec();

		let response = BitswapMessage::decode(
			bitswap.handle_message(&PeerId::random(), &request).unwrap().as_slice(),
		)
		.unwrap();

		assert!(response.payload.is_empty());
		assert_eq!(response.block_presences.len(), 1);
		assert_eq!(response.block_presences[0].cid, cid.to_bytes());
		assert_eq!(response.block_presences[0].r#type, BlockPresenceType::DontHave as i32);
	}

	#[tokio::test]
	async fn transaction_found_sends_have_for_want_have() {
		let client = TestClientBuilder::with_tx_storage(u32::MAX).build();
		let mut block_builder = BlockBuilderBuilder::new(&client)
			.on_parent_block(client.chain_info().genesis_hash)
			.with_parent_block_number(0)
			.build()
			.unwrap();

		let ext = ExtrinsicBuilder::new_indexed_call(vec![0x13, 0x37, 0x13, 0x38]).build();
		let pattern_index = ext.encoded_size() - 4;
		let cid = cid::Cid::new_v1(
			0x70,
			cid::multihash::Multihash::wrap(
				u64::from(LiteP2pCode::Blake2b256),
				&sp_crypto_hashing::blake2_256(&ext.encode()[pattern_index..]),
			)
			.unwrap(),
		);

		block_builder.push(ext).unwrap();
		let block = block_builder.build().unwrap().block;
		client.import(BlockOrigin::File, block).await.unwrap();

		let (mut bitswap, _config) = BitswapRequestHandler::new(Arc::new(client));
		let request = BitswapMessage {
			wantlist: Some(Wantlist {
				entries: vec![Entry {
					block: cid.to_bytes(),
					want_type: WantType::Have as i32,
					..Default::default()
				}],
				full: false,
			}),
			..Default::default()
		}
		.encode_to_vec();

		let response = BitswapMessage::decode(
			bitswap.handle_message(&PeerId::random(), &request).unwrap().as_slice(),
		)
		.unwrap();

		assert!(response.payload.is_empty());
		assert_eq!(response.block_presences.len(), 1);
		assert_eq!(response.block_presences[0].cid, cid.to_bytes());
		assert_eq!(response.block_presences[0].r#type, BlockPresenceType::Have as i32);
	}

	#[test]
	fn is_cid_supported_accepts_all_three_supported_hashings() {
		use cid::multihash::Multihash;
		for multihash_code in
			[BLAKE2B_256_MULTIHASH_CODE, SHA2_256_MULTIHASH_CODE, KECCAK_256_MULTIHASH_CODE]
		{
			let digest = [9u8; 32];
			let mh = Multihash::<64>::wrap(multihash_code, &digest).unwrap();
			let cid = Cid::new_v1(RAW_CODEC, mh);
			assert!(is_cid_supported(&cid), "{multihash_code} CID should be supported");
		}
	}

	#[test]
	fn is_cid_supported_rejects_unknown_multihash_code() {
		use cid::multihash::Multihash;
		let digest = [9u8; 32];
		let mh = Multihash::<64>::wrap(0x99, &digest).unwrap();
		let cid = Cid::new_v1(RAW_CODEC, mh);
		assert!(!is_cid_supported(&cid));
	}
}