// This file is part of Substrate.

// Copyright (C) 2022 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//! # WARNING
//!
//! **DO NOT USE ON VALUE-BEARING CHAINS. THIS PALLET IS ONLY INTENDED FOR TESTING USAGE.**
//!
//! # Glutton Pallet
//!
//! Pallet that consumes `ref_time` and `proof_size` of a block. Based on the
//! `Compute` and `Storage` parameters the pallet consumes the adequate amount
//! of weight.

#![deny(missing_docs)]
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]

#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
mod benchmarking;
#[cfg(test)]
mod mock;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
pub mod weights;

use blake2::{Blake2b512, Digest};
use frame_support::{pallet_prelude::*, weights::WeightMeter, DefaultNoBound};
use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
use sp_io::hashing::twox_256;
use sp_runtime::{traits::Zero, FixedPointNumber, FixedU64};
use sp_std::{vec, vec::Vec};

pub use pallet::*;
pub use weights::WeightInfo;

/// The size of each value in the `TrashData` storage in bytes.
pub const VALUE_SIZE: usize = 1024;
/// Max number of entries for the `TrashData` map.
pub const MAX_TRASH_DATA_ENTRIES: u32 = 65_000;
/// Hard limit for any other resource limit (in units).
pub const RESOURCE_HARD_LIMIT: FixedU64 = FixedU64::from_u32(10);

#[frame_support::pallet]
pub mod pallet {
	use super::*;

	#[pallet::config]
	pub trait Config: frame_system::Config {
		/// The overarching event type.
		type RuntimeEvent: From<Event> + IsType<<Self as frame_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent>;

		/// The admin origin that can set computational limits and initialize the pallet.
		type AdminOrigin: EnsureOrigin<Self::RuntimeOrigin>;

		/// Weight information for this pallet.
		type WeightInfo: WeightInfo;
	}

	#[pallet::pallet]
	pub struct Pallet<T>(_);

	#[pallet::event]
	#[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
	pub enum Event {
		/// The pallet has been (re)initialized.
		PalletInitialized {
			/// Whether the pallet has been re-initialized.
			reinit: bool,
		},
		/// The computation limit has been updated.
		ComputationLimitSet {
			/// The computation limit.
			compute: FixedU64,
		},
		/// The storage limit has been updated.
		StorageLimitSet {
			/// The storage limit.
			storage: FixedU64,
		},
	}

	#[pallet::error]
	pub enum Error<T> {
		/// The pallet was already initialized.
		///
		/// Set `witness_count` to `Some` to bypass this error.
		AlreadyInitialized,

		/// The limit was over [`crate::RESOURCE_HARD_LIMIT`].
		InsaneLimit,
	}

	/// The proportion of the remaining `ref_time` to consume during `on_idle`.
	///
	/// `1.0` is mapped to `100%`. Must be at most [`crate::RESOURCE_HARD_LIMIT`]. Setting this to
	/// over `1.0` could stall the chain.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub(crate) type Compute<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, FixedU64, ValueQuery>;

	/// The proportion of the remaining `proof_size` to consume during `on_idle`.
	///
	/// `1.0` is mapped to `100%`. Must be at most [`crate::RESOURCE_HARD_LIMIT`]. Setting this to
	/// over `1.0` could stall the chain.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub(crate) type Storage<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, FixedU64, ValueQuery>;

	/// Storage map used for wasting proof size.
	///
	/// It contains no meaningful data - hence the name "Trash". The maximal number of entries is
	/// set to 65k, which is just below the next jump at 16^4. This is important to reduce the proof
	/// size benchmarking overestimate. The assumption here is that we won't have more than 65k *
	/// 1KiB = 65MiB of proof size wasting in practice. However, this limit is not enforced, so the
	/// pallet would also work out of the box with more entries, but its benchmarked proof weight
	/// would possibly be underestimated in that case.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub(super) type TrashData<T: Config> = StorageMap<
		Hasher = Twox64Concat,
		Key = u32,
		Value = [u8; VALUE_SIZE],
		QueryKind = OptionQuery,
		MaxValues = ConstU32<MAX_TRASH_DATA_ENTRIES>,
	>;

	/// The current number of entries in `TrashData`.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub(crate) type TrashDataCount<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, u32, ValueQuery>;

	#[pallet::genesis_config]
	#[derive(DefaultNoBound)]
	pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config> {
		/// The compute limit.
		pub compute: FixedU64,
		/// The storage limit.
		pub storage: FixedU64,
		/// The amount of trash data for wasting proof size.
		pub trash_data_count: u32,
		#[serde(skip)]
		/// The required configuration field.
		pub _config: sp_std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
	}

	#[pallet::genesis_build]
	impl<T: Config> BuildGenesisConfig for GenesisConfig<T> {
		fn build(&self) {
			assert!(
				self.trash_data_count <= MAX_TRASH_DATA_ENTRIES,
				"number of TrashData entries cannot be bigger than {:?}",
				MAX_TRASH_DATA_ENTRIES
			);

			(0..self.trash_data_count)
				.for_each(|i| TrashData::<T>::insert(i, Pallet::<T>::gen_value(i)));

			TrashDataCount::<T>::set(self.trash_data_count);

			assert!(self.compute <= RESOURCE_HARD_LIMIT, "Compute limit is insane");
			<Compute<T>>::put(self.compute);

			assert!(self.storage <= RESOURCE_HARD_LIMIT, "Storage limit is insane");
			<Storage<T>>::put(self.storage);
		}
	}

	#[pallet::hooks]
	impl<T: Config> Hooks<BlockNumberFor<T>> for Pallet<T> {
		fn integrity_test() {
			assert!(
				!T::WeightInfo::waste_ref_time_iter(1).ref_time().is_zero(),
				"Weight zero; would get stuck in an infinite loop"
			);
			assert!(
				!T::WeightInfo::waste_proof_size_some(1).proof_size().is_zero(),
				"Weight zero; would get stuck in an infinite loop"
			);
		}

		fn on_idle(_: BlockNumberFor<T>, remaining_weight: Weight) -> Weight {
			let mut meter = WeightMeter::from_limit(remaining_weight);
			if meter.try_consume(T::WeightInfo::empty_on_idle()).is_err() {
				return T::WeightInfo::empty_on_idle()
			}

			let proof_size_limit =
				Storage::<T>::get().saturating_mul_int(meter.remaining().proof_size());
			let computation_weight_limit =
				Compute::<T>::get().saturating_mul_int(meter.remaining().ref_time());
			let mut meter = WeightMeter::from_limit(Weight::from_parts(
				computation_weight_limit,
				proof_size_limit,
			));

			Self::waste_at_most_proof_size(&mut meter);
			Self::waste_at_most_ref_time(&mut meter);

			meter.consumed()
		}
	}

	#[pallet::call(weight = T::WeightInfo)]
	impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
		/// Initialize the pallet. Should be called once, if no genesis state was provided.
		///
		/// `current_count` is the current number of elements in `TrashData`. This can be set to
		/// `None` when the pallet is first initialized.
		///
		/// Only callable by Root or `AdminOrigin`. A good default for `new_count` is `5_000`.
		#[pallet::call_index(0)]
		#[pallet::weight(
			T::WeightInfo::initialize_pallet_grow(witness_count.unwrap_or_default())
				.max(T::WeightInfo::initialize_pallet_shrink(witness_count.unwrap_or_default()))
		)]
		pub fn initialize_pallet(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			new_count: u32,
			witness_count: Option<u32>,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			T::AdminOrigin::ensure_origin_or_root(origin)?;

			let current_count = TrashDataCount::<T>::get();
			ensure!(
				current_count == witness_count.unwrap_or_default(),
				Error::<T>::AlreadyInitialized
			);

			if new_count > current_count {
				(current_count..new_count)
					.for_each(|i| TrashData::<T>::insert(i, Self::gen_value(i)));
			} else {
				(new_count..current_count).for_each(TrashData::<T>::remove);
			}

			Self::deposit_event(Event::PalletInitialized { reinit: witness_count.is_some() });
			TrashDataCount::<T>::set(new_count);
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Set how much of the remaining `ref_time` weight should be consumed by `on_idle`.
		///
		/// Only callable by Root or `AdminOrigin`.
		#[pallet::call_index(1)]
		pub fn set_compute(origin: OriginFor<T>, compute: FixedU64) -> DispatchResult {
			T::AdminOrigin::ensure_origin_or_root(origin)?;

			ensure!(compute <= RESOURCE_HARD_LIMIT, Error::<T>::InsaneLimit);
			Compute::<T>::set(compute);

			Self::deposit_event(Event::ComputationLimitSet { compute });
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Set how much of the remaining `proof_size` weight should be consumed by `on_idle`.
		///
		/// `1.0` means that all remaining `proof_size` will be consumed. The PoV benchmarking
		/// results that are used here are likely an over-estimation. 100% intended consumption will
		/// therefore translate to less than 100% actual consumption.
		///
		/// Only callable by Root or `AdminOrigin`.
		#[pallet::call_index(2)]
		pub fn set_storage(origin: OriginFor<T>, storage: FixedU64) -> DispatchResult {
			T::AdminOrigin::ensure_origin_or_root(origin)?;

			ensure!(storage <= RESOURCE_HARD_LIMIT, Error::<T>::InsaneLimit);
			Storage::<T>::set(storage);

			Self::deposit_event(Event::StorageLimitSet { storage });
			Ok(())
		}
	}

	impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
		/// Waste at most the remaining proof size of `meter`.
		///
		/// Tries to come as close to the limit as possible.
		pub(crate) fn waste_at_most_proof_size(meter: &mut WeightMeter) {
			let Ok(n) = Self::calculate_proof_size_iters(&meter) else { return };

			meter.consume(T::WeightInfo::waste_proof_size_some(n));

			(0..n).for_each(|i| {
				TrashData::<T>::get(i);
			});
		}

		/// Calculate how many times `waste_proof_size_some` should be called to fill up `meter`.
		fn calculate_proof_size_iters(meter: &WeightMeter) -> Result<u32, ()> {
			let base = T::WeightInfo::waste_proof_size_some(0);
			let slope = T::WeightInfo::waste_proof_size_some(1).saturating_sub(base);

			let remaining = meter.remaining().saturating_sub(base);
			let iter_by_proof_size =
				remaining.proof_size().checked_div(slope.proof_size()).ok_or(())?;
			let iter_by_ref_time = remaining.ref_time().checked_div(slope.ref_time()).ok_or(())?;

			if iter_by_proof_size > 0 && iter_by_proof_size <= iter_by_ref_time {
				Ok(iter_by_proof_size as u32)
			} else {
				Err(())
			}
		}

		/// Waste at most the remaining ref time weight of `meter`.
		///
		/// Tries to come as close to the limit as possible.
		pub(crate) fn waste_at_most_ref_time(meter: &mut WeightMeter) {
			let Ok(n) = Self::calculate_ref_time_iters(&meter) else { return };
			meter.consume(T::WeightInfo::waste_ref_time_iter(n));

			let clobber = Self::waste_ref_time_iter(vec![0u8; 64], n);

			// By casting it into a vec we can hopefully prevent the compiler from optimizing it
			// out. Note that `Blake2b512` produces 64 bytes, this is therefore impossible - but the
			// compiler does not know that (hopefully).
			debug_assert!(clobber.len() == 64);
			if clobber.len() == 65 {
				TrashData::<T>::insert(0, [clobber[0] as u8; VALUE_SIZE]);
			}
		}

		/// Wastes some `ref_time`. Receives the previous result as an argument.
		///
		/// The ref_time of one iteration should be in the order of 1-10 ms.
		pub(crate) fn waste_ref_time_iter(clobber: Vec<u8>, i: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
			let mut hasher = Blake2b512::new();

			// Blake2 has a very high speed of hashing so we make multiple hashes with it to
			// waste more `ref_time` at once.
			(0..i).for_each(|_| {
				hasher.update(clobber.as_slice());
			});

			hasher.finalize().to_vec()
		}

		/// Calculate how many times `waste_ref_time_iter` should be called to fill up `meter`.
		fn calculate_ref_time_iters(meter: &WeightMeter) -> Result<u32, ()> {
			let base = T::WeightInfo::waste_ref_time_iter(0);
			let slope = T::WeightInfo::waste_ref_time_iter(1).saturating_sub(base);
			if !slope.proof_size().is_zero() || !base.proof_size().is_zero() {
				return Err(())
			}

			match meter
				.remaining()
				.ref_time()
				.saturating_sub(base.ref_time())
				.checked_div(slope.ref_time())
			{
				Some(0) | None => Err(()),
				Some(i) => Ok(i as u32),
			}
		}

		/// Generate a pseudo-random deterministic value from a `seed`.
		pub(crate) fn gen_value(seed: u32) -> [u8; VALUE_SIZE] {
			let mut ret = [0u8; VALUE_SIZE];

			for i in 0u32..(VALUE_SIZE as u32 / 32) {
				let hash = (seed, i).using_encoded(twox_256);
				ret[i as usize * 32..(i + 1) as usize * 32].copy_from_slice(&hash);
			}

			ret
		}
	}
}