Trait frame_support::dispatch::marker::Sync
1.0.0 · source · pub unsafe auto trait Sync { }Expand description
Types for which it is safe to share references between threads.
This trait is automatically implemented when the compiler determines it’s appropriate.
The precise definition is: a type T is Sync if and only if &T is
Send. In other words, if there is no possibility of
undefined behavior (including data races) when passing
&T references between threads.
As one would expect, primitive types like u8 and f64
are all Sync, and so are simple aggregate types containing them,
like tuples, structs and enums. More examples of basic Sync
types include “immutable” types like &T, and those with simple
inherited mutability, such as Box<T>, Vec<T> and
most other collection types. (Generic parameters need to be Sync
for their container to be Sync.)
A somewhat surprising consequence of the definition is that &mut T
is Sync (if T is Sync) even though it seems like that might
provide unsynchronized mutation. The trick is that a mutable
reference behind a shared reference (that is, & &mut T)
becomes read-only, as if it were a & &T. Hence there is no risk
of a data race.
Types that are not Sync are those that have “interior
mutability” in a non-thread-safe form, such as Cell
and RefCell. These types allow for mutation of
their contents even through an immutable, shared reference. For
example the set method on Cell<T> takes &self, so it requires
only a shared reference &Cell<T>. The method performs no
synchronization, thus Cell cannot be Sync.
Another example of a non-Sync type is the reference-counting
pointer Rc. Given any reference &Rc<T>, you can clone
a new Rc<T>, modifying the reference counts in a non-atomic way.
For cases when one does need thread-safe interior mutability,
Rust provides atomic data types, as well as explicit locking via
sync::Mutex and sync::RwLock. These types
ensure that any mutation cannot cause data races, hence the types
are Sync. Likewise, sync::Arc provides a thread-safe
analogue of Rc.
Any types with interior mutability must also use the
cell::UnsafeCell wrapper around the value(s) which
can be mutated through a shared reference. Failing to doing this is
undefined behavior. For example, transmute-ing
from &T to &mut T is invalid.
See the Nomicon for more details about Sync.
Implementors§
impl !Sync for TokenTree
impl !Sync for ExpandError
impl !Sync for Group
impl !Sync for LexError
impl !Sync for LineColumn
impl !Sync for Punct
impl !Sync for Span
impl !Sync for TokenStream
impl !Sync for Args
impl !Sync for ArgsOs
impl Sync for alloc::string::Drain<'_>
impl Sync for AtomicBool
impl Sync for AtomicI8
impl Sync for AtomicI16
impl Sync for AtomicI32
impl Sync for AtomicI64
impl Sync for AtomicI128
impl Sync for AtomicIsize
impl Sync for AtomicU8
impl Sync for AtomicU16
impl Sync for AtomicU32
impl Sync for AtomicU64
impl Sync for AtomicU128
impl Sync for AtomicUsize
impl Sync for Waker
impl Sync for AtomicWaker
impl Sync for Bytes
impl Sync for BytesMut
impl Sync for Collector
impl Sync for ExportFunction
impl Sync for ExportGlobal
impl Sync for ExportMemory
impl Sync for ExportTable
impl Sync for GdbJitImageRegistration
impl Sync for GuardNoSend
impl Sync for InstanceHandle
impl Sync for Scope<'_>
impl Sync for Select<'_>
impl Sync for TableElementwhere VMExternRef: Sync,
impl Sync for Unparker
impl Sync for VMCallerCheckedFuncRef
impl Sync for VMExternRef
impl Sync for VMFunctionImport
impl Sync for VMGlobalImport
impl Sync for VMHostFuncContext
impl Sync for VMMemoryImport
impl Sync for VMRuntimeLimits
impl Sync for VMTableImport
impl<'a> Sync for IoSlice<'a>
impl<'a> Sync for IoSliceMut<'a>
impl<'a> Sync for CDict<'a>
impl<'a> Sync for DDict<'a>
impl<'a, 'b, K, Q, V, S, A> Sync for OccupiedEntryRef<'a, 'b, K, Q, V, S, A>where K: Sync, Q: Sync + ?Sized, V: Sync, S: Sync, A: Sync + Allocator + Clone,
impl<'a, 'b, K, Q, V, S, A> Sync for OccupiedEntryRef<'a, 'b, K, Q, V, S, A>where K: Sync, Q: Sync + ?Sized, V: Sync, S: Sync, A: Sync + Allocator + Clone,
impl<'a, A> Sync for arrayvec::Drain<'a, A>where A: Array + Sync,
impl<'a, R, G, T> Sync for MappedReentrantMutexGuard<'a, R, G, T>where R: RawMutex + Sync + 'a, G: GetThreadId + Sync + 'a, T: Sync + 'a + ?Sized,
impl<'a, R, G, T> Sync for ReentrantMutexGuard<'a, R, G, T>where R: RawMutex + Sync + 'a, G: GetThreadId + Sync + 'a, T: Sync + 'a + ?Sized,
impl<'a, R, T> Sync for MappedMutexGuard<'a, R, T>where R: RawMutex + Sync + 'a, T: Sync + 'a + ?Sized,
impl<'a, R, T> Sync for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T>where R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: Sync + 'a + ?Sized,
impl<'a, R, T> Sync for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>where R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: Sync + 'a + ?Sized,
impl<'a, R, T> Sync for MutexGuard<'a, R, T>where R: RawMutex + Sync + 'a, T: Sync + 'a + ?Sized,
impl<'a, R, T> Sync for RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T>where R: RawRwLockUpgrade + 'a, T: Sync + 'a + ?Sized,
impl<'a, T> Sync for Drain<'a, T>where T: Sync + Array,
impl<'a, T> Sync for OnceRef<'a, T>where T: Sync,
impl<'a, T, const CAP: usize> Sync for arrayvec::arrayvec::Drain<'a, T, CAP>where T: Sync,
impl<C> Sync for Secp256k1<C>where C: Context,
impl<Dyn> Sync for DynMetadata<Dyn>where Dyn: ?Sized,
impl<Fut> Sync for FuturesUnordered<Fut>where Fut: Sync,
impl<Fut> Sync for IntoIter<Fut>where Fut: Sync + Unpin,
impl<Fut> Sync for IterPinMut<'_, Fut>where Fut: Sync,
impl<Fut> Sync for IterPinRef<'_, Fut>where Fut: Sync,
impl<K, V> Sync for indexmap::map::core::raw::OccupiedEntry<'_, K, V>where K: Sync, V: Sync,
impl<K, V, S, A> Sync for OccupiedEntry<'_, K, V, S, A>where K: Sync, V: Sync, S: Sync, A: Sync + Allocator + Clone,
impl<K, V, S, A> Sync for OccupiedEntry<'_, K, V, S, A>where K: Sync, V: Sync, S: Sync, A: Sync + Allocator + Clone,
impl<K, V, S, A> Sync for RawOccupiedEntryMut<'_, K, V, S, A>where K: Sync, V: Sync, S: Sync, A: Sync + Allocator + Clone,
impl<K, V, S, A> Sync for RawOccupiedEntryMut<'_, K, V, S, A>where K: Sync, V: Sync, S: Sync, A: Sync + Allocator + Clone,
impl<R, G> Sync for RawReentrantMutex<R, G>where R: RawMutex + Sync, G: GetThreadId + Sync,
impl<R, G, T> Sync for ReentrantMutex<R, G, T>where R: RawMutex + Sync, G: GetThreadId + Sync, T: Send + ?Sized,
impl<R, T> Sync for Mutex<R, T>where R: RawMutex + Sync, T: Send + ?Sized,
impl<R, T> Sync for RwLock<R, T>where R: RawRwLock + Sync, T: Send + Sync + ?Sized,
impl<R, T> Sync for RwLockReadGuard<'_, R, T>where R: RawRwLock + Sync, T: Sync + ?Sized,
impl<R, T> Sync for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, R, T>where R: RawRwLock + Sync, T: Sync + ?Sized,
impl<T> !Sync for *const Twhere T: ?Sized,
impl<T> !Sync for *mut Twhere T: ?Sized,
impl<T> !Sync for Rc<T>where T: ?Sized,
impl<T> !Sync for alloc::rc::Weak<T>where T: ?Sized,
impl<T> !Sync for OnceCell<T>
impl<T> !Sync for Cell<T>where T: ?Sized,
impl<T> !Sync for RefCell<T>where T: ?Sized,
impl<T> !Sync for UnsafeCell<T>where T: ?Sized,
impl<T> !Sync for NonNull<T>where T: ?Sized,
NonNull pointers are not Sync because the data they reference may be aliased.
impl<T> !Sync for std::sync::mpsc::Receiver<T>
impl<T> !Sync for std::sync::mpsc::Sender<T>
impl<T> Sync for ThinBox<T>where T: Sync + ?Sized,
ThinBox<T> is Sync if T is Sync because the data is owned.