Struct wasmtime_runtime::VMExternRef

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pub struct VMExternRef(/* private fields */);
Expand description

An external reference to some opaque data.

VMExternRefs dereference to their underlying opaque data as dyn Any.

Unlike the externref in the Wasm spec, VMExternRefs are non-nullable, and always point to a valid value. You may use Option<VMExternRef> to represent nullable references, and Option<VMExternRef> is guaranteed to have the same size and alignment as a raw pointer, with None represented with the null pointer.

VMExternRefs are reference counted, so cloning is a cheap, shallow operation. It also means they are inherently shared, so you may not get a mutable, exclusive reference to their inner contents, only a shared, immutable reference. You may use interior mutability with RefCell or Mutex to work around this restriction, if necessary.

VMExternRefs have pointer-equality semantics, not structural-equality semantics. Given two VMExternRefs a and b, a == b only if a and b point to the same allocation. a and b are considered not equal, even if a and b are two different identical copies of the same data, if they are in two different allocations. The hashing and ordering implementations also only operate on the pointer.

§Example

use std::cell::RefCell;
use wasmtime_runtime::VMExternRef;

// Open a file. Wasm doesn't know about files, but we can let Wasm instances
// work with files via opaque `externref` handles.
let file = std::fs::File::create("some/file/path")?;

// Wrap the file up as an `VMExternRef` that can be passed to Wasm.
let extern_ref_to_file = VMExternRef::new(file);

// `VMExternRef`s dereference to `dyn Any`, so you can use `Any` methods to
// perform runtime type checks and downcasts.

assert!(extern_ref_to_file.is::<std::fs::File>());
assert!(!extern_ref_to_file.is::<String>());

if let Some(mut file) = extern_ref_to_file.downcast_ref::<std::fs::File>() {
    use std::io::Write;
    writeln!(&mut file, "Hello, `VMExternRef`!")?;
}

Implementations§

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impl VMExternRef

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pub fn new<T>(value: T) -> VMExternRef
where T: 'static + Any + Send + Sync,

Wrap the given value inside an VMExternRef.

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pub fn new_with<T>(make_value: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> VMExternRef
where T: 'static + Any + Send + Sync,

Construct a new VMExternRef in place by invoking make_value.

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pub fn as_raw(&self) -> *mut u8

Turn this VMExternRef into a raw, untyped pointer.

Unlike into_raw, this does not consume and forget self. It is not safe to use from_raw on pointers returned from this method; only use clone_from_raw!

Nor does this method increment the reference count. You must ensure that self (or some other clone of self) stays alive until clone_from_raw is called.

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pub unsafe fn into_raw(self) -> *mut u8

Consume this VMExternRef into a raw, untyped pointer.

§Safety

This method forgets self, so it is possible to create a leak of the underlying reference counted data if not used carefully.

Use from_raw to recreate the VMExternRef.

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pub unsafe fn from_raw(ptr: *mut u8) -> Self

Recreate a VMExternRef from a pointer returned from a previous call to as_raw.

§Safety

Unlike clone_from_raw, this does not increment the reference count of the underlying data. It is not safe to continue to use the pointer passed to this function.

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pub unsafe fn clone_from_raw(ptr: *mut u8) -> Self

Recreate a VMExternRef from a pointer returned from a previous call to as_raw.

§Safety

Wildly unsafe to use with anything other than the result of a previous as_raw call!

Additionally, it is your responsibility to ensure that this raw VMExternRef’s reference count has not dropped to zero. Failure to do so will result in use after free!

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pub fn strong_count(&self) -> usize

Get the strong reference count for this VMExternRef.

Note that this loads with a SeqCst ordering to synchronize with other threads.

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impl VMExternRef

Methods that would normally be trait implementations, but aren’t to avoid potential footguns around VMExternRef’s pointer-equality semantics.

Note that none of these methods are on &self, they all require a fully-qualified VMExternRef::foo(my_ref) invocation.

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pub fn eq(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> bool

Check whether two VMExternRefs point to the same inner allocation.

Note that this uses pointer-equality semantics, not structural-equality semantics, and so only pointers are compared, and doesn’t use any Eq or PartialEq implementation of the pointed-to values.

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pub fn hash<H>(externref: &Self, hasher: &mut H)
where H: Hasher,

Hash a given VMExternRef.

Note that this just hashes the pointer to the inner value, it does not use the inner value’s Hash implementation (if any).

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pub fn cmp(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> Ordering

Compare two VMExternRefs.

Note that this uses pointer-equality semantics, not structural-equality semantics, and so only pointers are compared, and doesn’t use any Cmp or PartialCmp implementation of the pointed-to values.

Trait Implementations§

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impl Clone for VMExternRef

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fn clone(&self) -> VMExternRef

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
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fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl Debug for VMExternRef

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Deref for VMExternRef

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type Target = dyn Any

The resulting type after dereferencing.
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fn deref(&self) -> &dyn Any

Dereferences the value.
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impl Drop for VMExternRef

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fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type. Read more
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impl From<VMExternRef> for TableElement

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fn from(x: VMExternRef) -> TableElement

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl Pointer for VMExternRef

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Send for VMExternRef

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impl Sync for VMExternRef

Auto Trait Implementations§

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> CloneToUninit for T
where T: Clone,

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default unsafe fn clone_to_uninit(&self, dst: *mut T)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clone_to_uninit)
Performs copy-assignment from self to dst. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.